Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method to enhance heat transfer in the temperature swing adsorption process (TSA) and to an intensified TSA process for gas/liquid purification or bulk separation. Helium is designed as the heat carrier media to directly bring heat/cool to the adsorbent bed during the TSA cycling process. With helium's superior heat conductivity, the time consuming regeneration steps (warming, regeneration and precooling) of TSA process can be significantly reduced and allowing for the TSA process to be intensified.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method to enhance heat transfer in the temperature swing adsorption process (TSA) and to an intensified TSA process for gas/liquid purification or bulk separation. Helium is designed as the heat carrier media to directly bring heat/cool to the adsorbent bed during the TSA cycling process. With helium's superior heat conductivity, the time consuming regeneration steps (warming, regeneration and precooling) of TSA process can be significantly reduced and allowing for the TSA process to be intensified.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a gelled overbased calcium carboxylate which involves carbonating a carboxylic acid of 8 to 30 carbon atoms in the presence of a promoter system consisting of water and an alcohol of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such that the mole ratio of alcohol to water is substantially constant and is such that the viscosity of the reaction mixture during carbonation step does not exceed 1 pascal second (1000 centipoise). This process prevents excessive thickening of the reaction mixture in a manufacturing unit during carbonation and affords ample time to complete the process of carbonation without premature crystallization of the calcium carbonate formed during overbasing.

Abstract: A short-term test procedure for comparing the engine sludge performance of different engine oils to a reference oil. The test procedure involves establishing a base line by operating one or more engines on the reference oil while maintaining a substantially constant volume of the reference oil in the engines without changing the oil until a Coordinating Research Council (CRC) sludge rating within a preferred range of 8.5 to 9.0 is achieved. In like manner, a series of engine tests are performed on one or more test oils using engines substantially identical to the reference oil engines for substantially the same number of miles as the average test miles of all of the reference oil engines under substantially the same test conditions as the reference oil engines while maintaining substantially the same volume of the test oil in the engines as the reference oil without changing the test oil in the engines throughout the tests.