Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router generates an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers, a first portion of metadata comprising L2 addresses for the first and second client devices, and a second portion of metadata comprising L3 addresses for the first and second client devices, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the metadata and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an non-session-based L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router forms an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers and a protocol selected based on an L3 service for the L2 frame, a payload comprising the L2 frame, and metadata comprising a session identifier distinctly identifying the L2 frame, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the payload and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: One function of a communications network, or of nodes in such a network, is to gather data that is useful in assessing network performance, and quantifying metrics of node and/or network performance. Various embodiments disclosed herein improve the ability of nodes and networks to gather such data, and quantify metrics of node and/or network performance by selectively marking existing network traffic, and in preferred embodiments without having to dilute network traffic by generating and transmitting dummy data packets.

Abstract: Techniques are described for monitoring application performance in a computer network. For example, a network management system (NMS) includes a memory storing path data received from a plurality of network devices, the path data reported by each network device of the plurality of network devices for one or more logical paths of a physical interface from the given network device over a wide area network (WAN). Additionally, the NMS may include processing circuitry in communication with the memory and configured to: determine, based on the path data, one or more application health assessments for one or more applications, wherein the one or more application health assessments are associated with one or more application time periods for a site, and in response to determining at least one failure state, output a notification including identification of a root cause of the at least one failure state.

Abstract: One function of a communications network, or of nodes in such a network, is to gather data that is useful in assessing network performance, and quantifying metrics of node and/or network performance. Various embodiments disclosed herein improve the ability of nodes and networks to gather such data, and quantify metrics of node and/or network performance by selectively marking existing network traffic, and in preferred embodiments without having to dilute network traffic by generating and transmitting dummy data packets.

Abstract: Techniques are described for monitoring application performance in a computer network. For example, a network management system (NMS) includes a memory storing path data received from a plurality of network devices, the path data reported by each network device of the plurality of network devices for one or more logical paths of a physical interface from the given network device over a wide area network (WAN). Additionally, the NMS may include processing circuitry in communication with the memory and configured to: determine, based on the path data, one or more application health assessments for one or more applications, wherein the one or more application health assessments are associated with one or more application time periods for a site, and in response to determining at least one failure state, output a notification including identification of a root cause of the at least one failure state.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing of multipoint Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) frames of an L2 network extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a source device to an ingress router and receiver devices to egress routers. An L3 network connects the ingress and egress routers. The ingress router receives, from the source device, a multipoint L2 frame destined for the receiver devices. The ingress router forms, for each egress router that is connected to at least one multipoint receiver device, a unicast L3 packet for the L2 frame and forwards the unicast L3 packet to the egress router. Each egress router generates, in response to receiving the unicast L3 packet, the multipoint L2 frame and forwards, to the receiver devices, the multipoint L2 frame.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router generates an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers, a first portion of metadata comprising L2 addresses for the first and second client devices, and a second portion of metadata comprising L3 addresses for the first and second client devices, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the metadata and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an non-session-based L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router forms an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers and a protocol selected based on an L3 service for the L2 frame, a payload comprising the L2 frame, and metadata comprising a session identifier distinctly identifying the L2 frame, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the payload and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing of multipoint Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) frames of an L2 network extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a source device to an ingress router and receiver devices to egress routers. An L3 network connects the ingress and egress routers. The ingress router receives, from the source device, a multipoint L2 frame destined for the receiver devices. The ingress router forms, for each egress router that is connected to at least one multipoint receiver device, a unicast L3 packet for the L2 frame and forwards the unicast L3 packet to the egress router. Each egress router generates, in response to receiving the unicast L3 packet, the multipoint L2 frame and forwards, to the receiver devices, the multipoint L2 frame.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router generates an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers, a first portion of metadata comprising L2 addresses for the first and second client devices, and a second portion of metadata comprising L3 addresses for the first and second client devices, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the metadata and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an non-session-based L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router forms an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers and a protocol selected based on an L3 service for the L2 frame, a payload comprising the L2 frame, and metadata comprising a session identifier distinctly identifying the L2 frame, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the payload and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing of multipoint Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) frames of an L2 network extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a source device to an ingress router and receiver devices to egress routers. An L3 network connects the ingress and egress routers. The ingress router receives, from the source device, a multipoint L2 frame destined for the receiver devices. The ingress router forms, for each egress router that is connected to at least one multipoint receiver device, a unicast L3 packet for the L2 frame and forwards the unicast L3 packet to the egress router. Each egress router generates, in response to receiving the unicast L3 packet, the multipoint L2 frame and forwards, to the receiver devices, the multipoint L2 frame.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an non-session-based L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router forms an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers and a protocol selected based on an L3 service for the L2 frame, a payload comprising the L2 frame, and metadata comprising a session identifier distinctly identifying the L2 frame, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the payload and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing within Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) networks extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a first client device to a first router and a second client device to a second router. An L3 network connects the first and second routers. The first router receives, from the first client device, an L2 frame destined for the second client device. The first router generates an L3 packet comprising an L3 header specifying L3 addresses of the first and second routers, a first portion of metadata comprising L2 addresses for the first and second client devices, and a second portion of metadata comprising L3 addresses for the first and second client devices, and forwards the L3 packet to the second router. The second router recovers the L2 frame from the metadata and forwards the L2 frame to the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for session-based routing of multipoint Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer-2 (L2) frames of an L2 network extended over Layer-3 (L3) networks. In one example, L2 networks connect a source device to an ingress router and receiver devices to egress routers. An L3 network connects the ingress and egress routers. The ingress router receives, from the source device, a multipoint L2 frame destined for the receiver devices. The ingress router forms, for each egress router that is connected to at least one multipoint receiver device, a unicast L3 packet for the L2 frame and forwards the unicast L3 packet to the egress router. Each egress router generates, in response to receiving the unicast L3 packet, the multipoint L2 frame and forwards, to the receiver devices, the multipoint L2 frame.

Abstract: One function of a communications network, or of nodes in such a network, is to gather data that is useful in assessing network performance, and quantifying metrics of node and/or network performance. Various embodiments disclosed herein improve the ability of nodes and networks to gather such data, and quantify metrics of node and/or network performance by selectively marking existing network traffic, and in preferred embodiments without having to dilute network traffic by generating and transmitting dummy data packets.

Abstract: One function of a communications network, or of nodes in such a network, is to gather data that is useful in assessing network performance, and quantifying metrics of node and/or network performance. Various embodiments disclosed herein improve the ability of nodes and networks to gather such data, and quantify metrics of node and/or network performance by selectively marking existing network traffic, and in preferred embodiments without having to dilute network traffic by generating and transmitting dummy data packets.

Abstract: Routing packets by a router involves establishing a first flow configured for forwarding the packets from a first ingress interface to a first egress interface of the router; determining a condition to modify the first flow; deactivating the first flow; establishing a second flow configured for forwarding the packets from at least one of (1) the first ingress interface to a second egress interface, (2) a second ingress interface to the first egress interface, or (3) a second ingress interface to a second egress interface; and activating the second flow.

Abstract: One function of a communications network, or of nodes in such a network, is to gather data that is useful in assessing network performance, and quantifying metrics of node and/or network performance. Various embodiments disclosed herein improve the ability of nodes and networks to gather such data, and quantify metrics of node and/or network performance by selectively marking existing network traffic, and in preferred embodiments without having to dilute network traffic by generating and transmitting dummy data packets.