Abstract: A plurality of reflector devices each having a reflective element, the reflector devices embeddable in the roadway of an off ramp, or in the curbing of an off ramp, and/or in the guardrails adjacent an off ramp or other one way street, the reflector warning system providing a visible alarm or alert to a driver in day or night conditions or low visibility that the driver has mistakenly or inadvertently turned his vehicle onto and is proceeding up an off ramp or other road way to another intersecting highway, and as such will encounter oncoming opposing traffic such that the driver can stop, reverse, and correct the mistake. The reflector devices embedded in the roadway depending upon their spacing will also provide a significantly tactile feedback to the driver that he is proceeding in the wrong direction by causing a vibration to the tires which is transmittable to the steering wheel.

Abstract: A tarnish resistant composition is provided including a plurality of colloidal metal particles including colloidal copper, silver, zinc and nickel particles and a porous material containing the colloidal metal particles. The tarnish resistant composition provides superior long lasting tarnish resistance. Also provided are containers made using the compositions of the invention.

Abstract: An aqueous solution that has the capacity for removing tarnish and other soil from copper, silver, gold and other noble metals and alloys thereof comprises an acid, thiourea and a transition metal salt. The aqueous material can be used to treat the surfaces of such articles for the purpose of removing tarnish. Such tarnish is removed by the composition and the composition treats the metal surface to retard the re-appearance of tarnish contaminants.

Abstract: An aqueous solution that has the capacity for removing tarnish and other soil from copper, silver, gold and other noble metals and alloys thereof comprises an acid, thiourea and a transition metal salt. The aqueous material can be used to treat the surfaces of such articles for the purpose of removing tarnish. Such tarnish is removed by the composition and the composition treats the metal surface to retard the re-appearance of tarnish contaminants.