Abstract: A device that is capable of eliminating a power trace that can be analyzed in a power analysis attack and serves as a highly effective countermeasure against power analysis attacks. The device comprising an optical source providing optical energy to an integrated circuit. An optical detector optically linked to the optical source and converts the optical energy from the optical source into electrical energy to power a secure circuit.

Abstract: A device that is capable of eliminating a power trace that can be analyzed in a power analysis attack and serves as a highly effective countermeasure against power analysis attacks. The device comprising an optical source providing optical energy to an integrated circuit. An optical detector optically linked to the optical source and converts the optical energy from the optical source into electrical energy to power a secure circuit.

Abstract: A device that is capable of eliminating a power trace that can be analyzed in a power analysis attack and serves as a highly effective countermeasure against power analysis attacks. The device comprising an optical source providing optical energy to an integrated circuit. An optical detector optically linked to the optical source and converts the optical energy from the optical source into electrical energy to power a secure circuit.

Abstract: A device that is capable of eliminating a power trace that can be analyzed in a power analysis attack and serves as a highly effective countermeasure against power analysis attacks. The device comprising an optical source providing optical energy to an integrated circuit. An optical detector optically linked to the optical source and converts the optical energy from the optical source into electrical energy to power a secure circuit.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell with a doped buffer layer includes a metal oxide and a dopant.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module may include a substrate; a semiconductor layer adjacent to the substrate; a lead foil adjacent to the semiconductor layer; a cover glass adjacent to the lead foil, where the cover glass includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and an opening, where the opening penetrates the top and bottom surfaces of the cover glass, and the opening includes an opening lateral dimension; and a barrier layer between the cover glass and the semiconductor layer, where the barrier layer includes a barrier lateral dimension, where the barrier lateral dimension is greater than the opening lateral dimension.

Abstract: A method and computer program for collecting, rating, and making available information on the World Wide Web and other information sources. The method broadly comprises the steps of: collecting information relating to a particular subject; rating the information; gathering additional information relating to the rated information; indexing the rated information; identifying and applying desired client-user parameters to the rated information; identifying and applying desired end-user parameters to the rated information; and if the rated information meets the client-user and end-user parameters, displaying at least one item of information meeting the client-user and end-user parameters. The method may further includes the steps of: managing the client-user account; and generating usage statistics.

Abstract: A two wheeled trailer is provided including an upwardly opening body which is generally V-shaped in cross section. The trailer includes a forward end, a forwardly projecting towing tongue and the forward end of the towing tongue incorporates a towing coupler mounted from the towing tongue for at least 90.degree. angular displacement, in either direction, relative to the towing tongue about an axis paralleling the towing tongue.