Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide smart alerts to users, e.g., alerts to users about diabetic states that are only provided when it makes sense to do so, e.g., when the system can predict or estimate that the user is not already cognitively aware of their current condition, e.g., particularly where the current condition is a diabetic state warranting attention. In this way, the alert or alarm is personalized and made particularly effective for that user. Such systems and methods still alert the user when action is necessary, e.g., a bolus or temporary basal rate change, or provide a response to a missed bolus or a need for correction, but do not alert when action is unnecessary, e.g., if the user is already estimated or predicted to be cognitively aware of the diabetic state warranting attention, or if corrective action was already taken.

Abstract: An adjustable lead angle toolholder is disclosed for selectively cutting a workpiece at 30.degree., 45.degree., or 60.degree. angles. The toolholder may have a rotatable, cylindrical endmill body that includes a radially-oriented wall or a stationary, square shank having a planar wall on its distal end. The toolholder further includes a cutting insert having at least one linear cutting edge, and a mounting assembly for pivotally mounting the insert onto the wall of the endmill body such that a lead angle of the linear cutting edge is adjustable with respect to the outer periphery of the toolholder body. The mounting assembly includes a plate-shaped insert holder, and a fastener for pivotally connecting the insert holder to the wall of the toolholder body. A locking screw secures the plate-shaped insert holder at a selected pivoted position on the wall of the toolholder body. The invention allows a single toolholder to cut or chamfer a workpiece at different angles.

Abstract: A cutting insert for use in a rotary milling tool is provided. The cutting insert includes an insert body including a bottom face, a top face, and a side face. A stepped cutting edge is formed at the intersection of the top face and the side face for engaging a workpiece and removing a chip from it. The stepped cutting edge includes at least two offset edge portions which produce distinct, transversely-spaced chip segments during the cutting operation. The offset edge portions are connected by transition edge portions which are disposed at an obtuse angle with respect to the offset edge portions. The angle of the transition edge portions tends to spread the individual chip segments apart during the machining operation to effect a thinning of the chip between the individual chip segments. The entire cutting edge is helically curved so that the cutting edge lies on the surface of a circumscribing cylinder defined by the rotation of the cutting edge about the axis of the milling cutter.

Abstract: An insert for use in a ball nose end mill is provided that includes an insert body having a top wall, a bottom wall, and at least one arcuate side wall. An arcuate cutting edge is defined at an intersection between the top and side walls that includes a plurality of sinusoidal undulations for reducing cutting forces, and vibration, and enhancing the breaking and removal of chips removed from a workpiece during a cutting operation. An end portion of the insert crosses the axis of rotation when the insert is mounted in the seat of an end mill body, and the undulations reduce the considerable shear forces applied to the cutting edge at this location. The cutting edge has a profile which follows the contour of a sphere to permit machining a rounded cut. The side wall of the insert body includes an upper relief portion disposed directly under the cutting edge, with a relief angle for preventing the undulations from making unwanted striations or tool marks in the sidewalls of the rounded cut.

Abstract: An insert for use in a ball nose end mill is provided that includes an insert body having a top wall, a bottom wall, and at least one arcuate side wall. An arcuate cutting edge is defined at an intersection between the top and side walls that includes a plurality of sinusoidal undulations for reducing cutting forces, and vibration, and enhancing the breaking and removal of chips removed from a workpiece during a cutting operation. An end portion of the insert crosses the axis of rotation when the insert is mounted in the seat of an end mill body, and the undulations reduce the considerable shear forces applied to the cutting edge at this location. The cutting edge has a profile which follows the contour of a sphere to permit machining a rounded cut. The side wall of the insert body includes an upper relief portion disposed directly under the cutting edge, with a relief angle for preventing the undulations from making unwanted striations or tool marks in the sidewalls of the rounded cut.

Abstract: A milling cutter for cutting a workpiece in both right and left-handed rotary directions is provided that comprises a rotatable cutter body having at least one pair of right and left-handed insert seats disposed on its periphery, an indexable wedge for each pair of right and left-handed insert seats, and a mounting screw for each of the wedges for securing the wedges in a clamping position with respect to a right or left-handed insert seat. Each of the wedges may be used to secure an insert in the right or left-handed seat of its respective seat pair by loosening or removing the mounting screw, and turning the wedge 180.degree.. Each wedge includes a front end for wedgingly engaging an insert in either the right or left-handed seat, and a back end for wedgingly engaging an opposite surface of the unused insert seat in order to more securely clamp the insert in place.