Abstract: A zeolite catalyst and a process for preparing a zeolite catalyst which is both capable of catalyzing the removal of nitrogen oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature range and is operationally and hydrothermally stable at high reaction temperatures. The zeolite catalyst includes a zeolite carrier having a mole ratio of typically from about 14 to about 95 and copper ions supported on the zeolite carrier. The zeolite catalyst is prepared by providing a zeolite carrier, reacting copper with the zeolite carrier by carrying out an ion exchange reaction in a cupric salt aqueous solution at a temperature of between about 4° C. and room temperature (25° C.), and then drying and calcining the catalyst.

Abstract: A sidestream located hyper-plasma reactor having an axially discrete pattern of alternating regions of active and passive electric field along the axial direction. The hyper-plasma reactor has great efficacy in terms of ultra low power consumption and copious production of NOx converting aldehydes in the absence of NO by applying plasma power only to an air and hydrocarbon mix sidestream gas flow. Only a small fraction (1% to 2%) of plasma power is required as compared to that for a conventional plasma reactor to treat the full exhaust gas stream. The hyper-plasma reactor produces ozone which reacts subsequently with hydrocarbons to produce aldehydes (“ozonolysis”). The sidestream location of the hyper-plasma reactor allows for the full exhaust stream to bypass it, without significantly affecting the overall NOx conversion performance in the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A zeolite catalyst and a process for preparing a zeolite catalyst which is both capable of catalyzing the removal of nitrogen oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature range and is operationally and hydrothermally stable at high reaction temperatures. The zeolite catalyst includes a zeolite carrier having a mole ratio of typically from about 14 to about 95 and copper ions supported on the zeolite carrier. The zeolite catalyst is prepared by providing a zeolite carrier, reacting copper with the zeolite carrier by carrying out an ion exchange reaction in a cupric salt aqueous solution at a temperature of between about 4° C. and room temperature (25° C.), and then drying and calcining the catalyst.

Abstract: A sidestream located hyper-plasma reactor having an axially discrete pattern of alternating regions of active and passive electric field along the axial direction. The hyper-plasma reactor has great efficacy in terms of ultra low power consumption and copious production of NOx converting aldehydes in the absence of NO by applying plasma power only to an air and hydrocarbon mix sidestream gas flow. Only a small fraction (1% to 2%) of plasma power is required as compared to that for a conventional plasma reactor to treat the full exhaust gas stream. The hyper-plasma reactor produces ozone which reacts subsequently with hydrocarbons to produce aldehydes (“ozonolysis”). The sidestream location of the hyper-plasma reactor allows for the full exhaust stream to bypass it, without significantly affecting the overall NOx conversion performance in the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A plasma reactor for automotive exhaust gas applications which efficiently promotes diffusion, mass transfer and chemical reaction processes of atoms, ions and radicals, in that the ground (outer) electrode has an axially discrete pattern which provides alternating regions of active and passive electric field along the axial direction of the plasma reactor. As the exhaust gas passes axially along the plasma reactor, each active region produces plasma atoms, ions and radicals, which then have time to react with the NOx over the course of the adjacent passive region. In this manner, successive active regions produce copious atoms, radicals and ions, and the adjacent passive regions provide time for these radicals and ions to react with the NOx and hydrocarbons before the next active region is encountered by the moving stream of exhaust gas, thereby enhancing the performance of the plasma reactor.

Abstract: A plasma reactor for automotive exhaust gas applications which efficiently promotes diffusion, mass transfer and chemical reaction processes of atoms, ions and radicals, in that the ground (outer) electrode has an axially discrete pattern which provides alternating regions of active and passive electric field along the axial direction of the plasma reactor. As the exhaust gas passes axially along the plasma reactor, each active region produces plasma atoms, ions and radicals, which then have time to react with the NOx over the course of the adjacent passive region. In this manner, successive active regions produce copious atoms, radicals and ions, and the adjacent passive regions provide time for these radicals and ions to react with the NOx and hydrocarbons before the next active region is encountered by the moving stream of exhaust gas, thereby enhancing the performance of the plasma reactor.