Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting a target nucleic acid, and a polynucleotide and a composition for detecting a target nucleic acid.

Abstract: A polynucleotide comprising a first region the 5? end of which is complementary to a portion of a target nucleic acid, a cleavable second region, a third region having a stem-loop structure, and a fourth region complementary to the 3? end of the first region, and use of the polynucleotide, as well as a composition comprising two such polynucleotides each of which hybridize different strands of a double-stranded target nucleic acid, and methods and kits using the same for amplifying targets.

Abstract: A method of amplifying DNA from RNA in a sample by using circular RNA is provided.

Abstract: A method of amplifying RNA in a sample and a method of amplifying a pool of RNA is provided. Gene loss and amplification bias may be reduced using the methods. Also, directionality may be preserved in the amplified RNA. The methods may be applied in sequence analysis as well as in general molecular diagnostic areas.

Abstract: Provided is a polynucleotide including, from the 3? terminus of the polynucleotide to the 5? terminus of the polynucleotide, a first region including a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of a portion of a target nucleic acid; a second region including a nucleotide sequence identical to a nucleotide sequence of a portion of the target nucleic acid; and a third region including a nucleotide sequence that self-hybridizes to form a stem-loop structure, and compositions, kits, and methods related thereto.

Abstract: Methods of labeling and detecting a target nucleic acid by incubating a target nucleic acid with a terminal transferase to extend a terminus of the target nucleic acid and provide an extended region; hybridizing the extended region of the target nucleic acid with a template polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the extended region to obtain a hybridization product; and incubating the hybridization product with a nucleic acid polymerase and either a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) having a detectable label or nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) having a detectable label to further extend the extended target nucleic acid.

Abstract: A polynucleotide comprising a first region the 5? end of which is complementary to a portion of a target nucleic acid, a cleavable second region, a third region having a stem-loop structure, and a fourth region complementary to the 3? end of the first region, and use of the polynucleotide, as well as a composition comprising two such polynucleotides each of which hybridize different strands of a double-stranded target nucleic acid, and methods and kits using the same for amplifying targets.

Abstract: A method of detecting a target nucleic acid, and a polynucleotide and a composition for detecting a target nucleic acid.

Abstract: Provided is a polynucleotide including, from the 3? terminus of the polynucleotide to the 5? terminus of the polynucleotide, a first region including a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of a portion of a target nucleic acid; a second region including a nucleotide sequence identical to a nucleotide sequence of a portion of the target nucleic acid; and a third region including a nucleotide sequence that self-hybridizes to form a stem-loop structure, and compositions, kits, and methods related thereto.

Abstract: Provided are methods of efficiently amplifying or analyzing a target nucleic acid and a kit and a composition to efficiently amplify a target nucleic acid.

Abstract: Methods of labeling and detecting a target nucleic acid by incubating a target nucleic acid with a terminal transferase to extend a terminus of the target nucleic acid and provide an extended region; hybridizing the extended region of the target nucleic acid with a template polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the extended region to obtain a hybridization product; and incubating the hybridization product with a nucleic acid polymerase and either a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) having a detectable label or nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) having a detectable label to further extend the extended target nucleic acid.

Abstract: A method of amplifying RNA in a sample and a method of amplifying a pool of RNA is provided. Gene loss and amplification bias may be reduced using the methods. Also, directionality may be preserved in the amplified RNA. The methods may be applied in sequence analysis as well as in general molecular diagnostic areas.

Abstract: Macromolecular compound for detecting a target material in a biological sample, and a method of using same.