Abstract: A method of making a bonded intermediate substrate includes forming a weak interface in a GaN source substrate by implanting ions into an N-terminated surface of the GaN source substrate, bonding the N-terminated surface of the GaN source substrate to a handle substrate, and exfoliating a thin GaN single crystal layer from the source substrate such that the thin GaN exfoliated single crystal layer remains bonded to the handle substrate and a Ga-terminated surface of the thin GaN single crystal layer is exposed. The method further includes depositing a capping layer directly onto the exposed surface of the thin GaN single crystal layer, and annealing the thin GaN single crystal layer in a nitrogen containing atmosphere after depositing the capping layer. The in-plane strain present in the thin GaN single crystal layer after the annealing is reduced relative to an in-plane strain present in said layer prior to the annealing.

Abstract: A search engine for dynamically generating search results for the user is disclosed. In one embodiment, the user submits a first search query for searching a primary database, such as the content obtained from the World Wide Web, and the search engine obtains primary search listings based upon the search query, which search listings are distinguished from banner advertisements. The system then performs a further search of one or more secondary databases. The secondary search is initiated by the user or automatically by the system, based upon one or more search parameters. The secondary databases may include internal databases maintained by a provider of goods or services, databases that are updated in real time, or databases that include data obtained from a variety of different sources. Examples of secondary databases include inventory databases, product information databases, scheduling databases, market-related databases, location databases or any other database.

Abstract: A method includes growing a first epitaxial layer of III-nitride material, forming a damaged region by implanting ions into an exposed surface of the first epitaxial layer, and growing a second epitaxial layer of III-nitride material on the exposed surface of the first epitaxial layer. A level of defects present in the second epitaxial layer is less than a level of defects present in the first epitaxial layer.

Abstract: An interactive information distribution system that facilitates automatic transmission of a variety of information packets to the communication devices of a calling party and parties called during a call. The information packets are comprised of actual files and or links to files or websites, and are automatically transmitted following the initiation of a call. Upon initiating a call, an indicator that may include metadata linked to information packets is processed to identify at least one database for locating information packets to which the metadata is linked. The interactive information distribution system also includes a verbal communication conversion engine that allows verbal telephone communications to be converted to text and filtered to generate keywords which are used in additional database searching to identify additional information packets.

Abstract: A distributed authentication model that operates within a protocol-based sphere of trust. Rather than being able to communicate with any one of the computing systems internal to the sphere of trust, the amount of authentication is reduced by having the external computing systems initially communicate with a specific edge internal computing system. Many if not all of the internal computing systems then delegate the task of authentication to the edge computing system, and will rely on any authentication performed by the edge computing system. This allows the task of authentication to scale well for large protocol-based spheres of trust.

Abstract: A distributed authentication model that operates within a protocol-based sphere of trust. Rather than being able to communicate with any one of the computing systems internal to the sphere of trust, the amount of authentication is reduced by having the external computing systems initially communicate with a specific edge internal computing system. Many if not all of the internal computing systems then delegate the task of authentication to the edge computing system, and will rely on any authentication performed by the edge computing system. This allows the task of authentication to scale well for large protocol-based spheres of trust.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for using optical interferometers to obtain full-field optical measurements of surfaces, such as surfaces of flat panels, patterned surfaces of wafers and substrates. Applications of various shearing interferometers for measuring surfaces are described.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device includes providing a laminate substrate made by bonding a II-VI or III-V semiconductor laminate film to a support substrate, and preparing the laminate film to enable growth of a II-VI or III-V semiconductor device layer on the laminate substrate.

Abstract: An intermediate substrate includes a handle substrate bonded to a thin layer suitable for epitaxial growth of a compound semiconductor layer, such as a III-nitride semiconductor layer. The handle substrate may be a metal or metal alloy substrate, such as a molybdenum or molybdenum alloy substrate, while the thin layer may be a sapphire layer. A method of making the intermediate substrate includes forming a weak interface in the source substrate, bonding the source substrate to the handle substrate, and exfoliating the thin layer from the source substrate such that the thin layer remains bonded to the handle substrate.

Abstract: A method of making a virtual substrate includes providing a donor substrate comprising a single crystal donor layer of a first material over a support substrate, wherein the first material comprises a ternary, quaternary or penternary semiconductor material or a material which is not available in bulk form, bonding the donor substrate to a handle substrate, and separating the donor substrate from the handle substrate such that a single crystal film of the first material remains bonded to the handle substrate.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying whether an electronic communication is likely to be unwanted by the recipient is provided. A trust system relies on a trust provider, such as a sending domain, to indicate whether an electronic communication is likely to be unwanted. The sending domain may assign its trust level to the electronic communications based on various factors. Upon receiving the electronic communication and the trust level assigned by the sending domain, the receiving domain may determine whether to forward the electronic communication to the recipient based on the trust level. If a sending domain consistently provides trust levels that are accurate assessments of whether electronic communications are unwanted, then the receiving domain learns to trust the trust levels assigned by the sending domain.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying whether an electronic communication is likely to be unwanted by the recipient is provided. A trust system relies on a trust provider, such as a sending domain, to indicate whether an electronic communication is likely to be unwanted. The sending domain may assign its trust level to the electronic communications based on various factors. Upon receiving the electronic communication and the trust level assigned by the sending domain, the receiving domain may determine whether to forward the electronic communication to the recipient based on the trust level. If a sending domain consistently provides trust levels that are accurate assessments of whether electronic communications are unwanted, then the receiving domain learns to trust the trust levels assigned by the sending domain.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying whether an electronic communication is likely to be unwanted by the recipient is provided. A trust system relies on a trust provider, such as a sending domain, to indicate whether an electronic communication is likely to be unwanted. The sending domain may assign its trust level to the electronic communications based on various factors. Upon receiving the electronic communication and the trust level assigned by the sending domain, the receiving domain may determine whether to forward the electronic communication to the recipient based on the trust level. If a sending domain consistently provides trust levels that are accurate assessments of whether electronic communications are unwanted, then the receiving domain learns to trust the trust levels assigned by the sending domain.

Abstract: A multi-junction solar cell includes an active silicon subcell, a first non-silicon subcell bonded to a first side of the active silicon subcell, and a second non-silicon subcell bonded to a second side of the active silicon subcell. This and other solar cells may be formed by bonding and layer transfer.

Abstract: An architecture for a communications node and a method of implementing control functions in a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) telecommunications network. The node performs a plurality of call-control functions in a single physical node. A plurality of application-level logic blocks corresponding to the plurality of call-control functions are interfaced with a common engine module which is implemented on top of a common operating system and physical platform. The engine module includes SIP behavior functions and SIP stack functions, selected ones of which are operable to perform different call-control functions when interfaced with different application-level logic blocks. Mapping tables within the engine module identify groups of functions that, together with selected logic blocks, perform defined call-control functions. The open architecture allows additional functional logic blocks to be interfaced with the engine module to implement additional call-control functions.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that generates search results using a transparent search engine. The system enables the sorting and filtering of search listings based upon one or more metrics or categories of information, listed on the search results page as part of a multi-dimensional sort list. The system may also determine relevancy of a document based upon a weighting of the listing metrics corresponding to a given search listing. The system further includes functionality for displaying conversion rates and ancillary information along with the search results. The system also provides the ability to charge for paid advertisements or listings only when an actual transaction takes place, and to display transaction-related data as part of a listing metric associated with a given search listing.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for using optical interferometers to obtain full-field optical measurements of surfaces, such as surfaces of flat panels, patterned surfaces of wafers and substrates. Applications of various shearing interferometers for measuring surfaces are described.

Abstract: A distributed authentication model that operates within a protocol-based sphere of trust. Rather than being able to communicate with any one of the computing systems internal to the sphere of trust, the amount of authentication is reduced by having the external computing systems initially communicate with a specific edge internal computing system. Many if not all of the internal computing systems then delegate the task of authentication to the edge computing system, and will rely on any authentication performed by the edge computing system. This allows the task of authentication to scale well for large protocol-based spheres of trust.

Abstract: An architecture for a communications node and a method of implementing control functions in a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) telecommunications network. The node performs a plurality of call-control functions in a single physical node. A plurality of application-level logic blocks corresponding to the plurality of call-control functions are interfaced with a common engine module which is implemented on top of a common operating system and physical platform. The engine module includes SIP behavior functions and SIP stack functions, selected ones of which are operable to perform different call-control functions when interfaced with different application-level logic blocks. Mapping tables within the engine module identify groups of functions that, together with selected logic blocks, perform defined call-control functions. The open architecture allows additional functional logic blocks to be interfaced with the engine module to implement additional call-control functions.

Abstract: A vacuum manifold having a rectangular opening with vacuum access bores connected into the rectangular opening for an illumination field to be projected there through. A vacuum manifold is placed between a photosensitive resist covered wafer and a lens element in a photolithographic tool. The relatively high illumination energy in an illumination field used for projecting an image of a reticle onto a photosensitive resist covered wafer often results in ablated, evaporated, and effused material being coated on the lens element. The vacuum manifold placed between the lens element and the photosensitive resist covered wafer creates an airflow for removing debris or contamination preventing coating of the lens surface. This prevents image quality from degradation over time, as well as reduces downtime needed for cleaning or maintenance of the photolithographic tool.