Abstract: A semiconductor device is proposed. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate including a RC-IGBT with a diode area. The diode area includes a p-doped anode region and an n-doped emitter efficiency adjustment region. At least one of the p-doped anode region or the n-doped emitter efficiency adjustment region includes deep level dopants.

Abstract: There is provided herein an organofunctional polysiloxanes comprising hydroxyl polyester groups made by reaction of epoxy functional polyorganosiloxanes and oligmeric polyesters based on polyhydroxy carboxylic acids. There is also provided methods for making the organofunctional polysiloxanes and agricultural, coating, personal care and home care applications containing the organofunctional polysiloxanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (40) for starting up a fuel cell (11), wherein hydrogen is introduced into an anode chamber (15) of the fuel cell (11), and at the beginning of the start-up process oxygen is present in the anode chamber (15) of the fuel cell (11). According to the invention, at the beginning of the hydrogen introduction stage enough hydrogen is introduced to ensure that upon entry into the anode chamber (15) hydrogen and oxygen are present in no more than a stoichiometric ratio.

Abstract: An electrode, in particular a gas diffusion electrode, for a metal-oxygen battery. To achieve an improved performance output, e.g., an improved energy density or an improved capacity, the electrode includes a porous carrier substrate on which a porous active material is situated, the electrode having a gradient of medium pore sizes between the carrier substrate and the active material. Also described is an energy store including the electrode as described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (40) for starting up a fuel cell (11), wherein hydrogen is introduced into an anode chamber (15) of the fuel cell (11), and at the beginning of the start-up process oxygen is present in the anode chamber (15) of the fuel cell (11). According to the invention, at the beginning of the hydrogen introduction stage enough hydrogen is introduced to ensure that upon entry into the anode chamber (15) hydrogen and oxygen are present in no more than a stoichiometric ratio.

Abstract: A method for sealing a coolant chamber (5) of a bipolar plate (1) of a fuel cell (20), the fuel cell (20) having at least one membrane-electrode unit (21) and the bipolar plate (1) having a first bipolar plate half (2) and a second bipolar plate half (3), at least one of the bipolar plate halves (2, 3) having a coolant distributing structure (4) and the coolant chamber (5) that is formed at least by the coolant distributing structure (4) being formed between the bipolar plate halves (2, 3).

Abstract: The invention concerns polysiloxane compounds as W/O-emulsifiers, in textile softeners, antifoams, foam stabilizers and agriculture chemicals, in particular as W/O-emulsifiers for cosmetic uses.

Abstract: There is provided herein an organofunctional polysiloxanes comprising hydroxyl polyester groups made by reaction of epoxy functional polyorganosiloxanes and oligmeric polyesters based on polyhydroxy carboxylic acids. There is also provided methods for making the organofunctional polysiloxanes and agricultural, coating, personal care and home care applications containing the organofunctional polysiloxanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid distributor (1). The fluid distributor (1) is designed to distribute a fluid flow (2) into at least two fluid sub-flows (3) or to combine at least two fluid sub-flows (3) of a fluid flow (2), and the fluid distributor (1) is equipped with a flame trap (4). The invention further relates to a fuel cell (5) comprising such a fluid distributor (1), to an electrolyzer (6) with such a fluid distributor (1), and to a method for the function of a fluid distributor (1), wherein a fluid flow (2) is separated into at least two fluid sub-flows (3) or at least two fluid sub-flows (3) are combined into a fluid flow (2) by means of the fluid distributor (1), and the fluid distributor (1) prevents a flame front from occurring and/or from spreading.

Abstract: An energy storage and power generation system (10) with at least one fuel cell (40), in which an oxidant and a fuel which can be stored can be converted electrochemically and in the process an electrical current can be generated, and with at least one electrolysis cell (30), which is used for generating the fuel which can be stored for the fuel cell (40), wherein the fuel cell (40) and the electrolysis cell (30) share a common electrode (21), and the fuel cell (40) and the electrolysis cell (30) each use a respective further electrode (31, 41) only for themselves. For this purpose, the invention provides that the fuel can be stored outside the fuel cell (40) and outside the electrolysis cell (30) in a store (13).

Abstract: A line device (1) for a fuel cell (10), having at least one feed section (2) with a feed opening (4), and a removal section (3) with a removal opening (5), wherein the feed section (2) is designed for supplying a fluid to a first side (12) of an active surface (11) of the fuel cell (10) and the removal section (3) is designed for removing the fluid from a second side (13) of the active surface (11) of the fuel cell (10), and the fluid can flow along at least two flow paths (20, 21, 22) from the feed opening (4) through the active surface (11) to the removal opening (5) for the fluid, wherein the feed section (2).

Abstract: An electrode, in particular a gas diffusion electrode, for a metal-oxygen battery. To achieve an improved performance output, e.g., an improved energy density or an improved capacity, the electrode includes a porous carrier substrate on which a porous active material is situated, the electrode having a gradient of medium pore sizes between the carrier substrate and the active material. Also described is an energy store including the electrode as described.

Abstract: A method for sealing a coolant chamber (5) of a bipolar plate (1) of a fuel cell (20), the fuel cell (20) having at least one membrane-electrode unit (21) and the bipolar plate (1) having a first bipolar plate half (2) and a second bipolar plate half (3), at least one of the bipolar plate halves (2, 3) having a coolant distributing structure (4) and the coolant chamber (5) that is formed at least by the coolant distributing structure (4) being formed between the bipolar plate halves (2, 3).

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell which has an anode, a cathode, and a membrane element. Two electrode chambers are disposed in the fuel cell, and the electrode chambers are an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. An educt flows into the anode chamber and into the cathode chamber by means of a respective incoming stream. According to the invention, it is provided that at least one compensation region is disposed on the end of the membrane element and serves solely to moisten and/or temper at least one of the incoming streams.

Abstract: The present invention related to an UV-photo-protecting cosmetic composition, comprising: (a) at least one aqueous phase, (b) at least one fatty phase, (c) at least one micronized organic UV-screening agent, the mean particle size of said micronized particles ranging from 0.01 to 2 ?m, and (d) at least one organomodified silicone which does not comprise poly(oxyalkylene) moieties.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a method and a protector for reducing degradation of fuel cell systems at transitions in operation, in particular at electrodes or catalysts in a combustion chamber of a stack of a PEM fuel cell system in startup and shutoff events of the fuel cell system. A switchable material delivery device is provided for varying a delivery of material to the fuel cell system, so that a transition from a first state of the fuel cell system to a second state of the fuel cell system can be initiated, such that a potential difference between different electrodes can be effected. At least one reducing mechanism is provided for reducing the potential difference between the different electrodes during the transition, in which the reducing mechanism includes at least one compensating device for an unequal gas distribution by reducing the proportions causing degradation, to reduce degradation.

Abstract: The invention concerns polysiloxane compounds as W/O-emulsifiers, in textile softeners, antifoams, foam stabilizers and agriculture chemicals, in particular as W/O-emulsifiers for cosmetic uses.

Abstract: An energy storage and power generation system (10) with at least one fuel cell (40), in which an oxidant and a fuel which can be stored can be converted electrochemically and in the process an electrical current can be generated, and with at least one electrolysis cell (30), which is used for generating the fuel which can be stored for the fuel cell (40), wherein the fuel cell (40) and the electrolysis cell (30) share a common electrode (21), and the fuel cell (40) and the electrolysis cell (30) each use a respective further electrode (31, 41) only for themselves. For this purpose, the invention provides that the fuel can be stored outside the fuel cell (40) and outside the electrolysis cell (30) in a store (13).

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell which has an anode, a cathode, and a membrane element. Two electrode chambers are disposed in the fuel cell, and the electrode chambers are an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. An educt flows into the anode chamber and into the cathode chamber by means of a respective incoming stream. According to the invention, it is provided that at least one compensation region is disposed on the end of the membrane element and serves solely to moisten and/or temper at least one of the incoming streams.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a method and a protector for reducing degradation of fuel cell systems at transitions in operation, in particular at electrodes or catalysts in a combustion chamber of a stack of a PEM fuel cell system in startup and shutoff events of the fuel cell system. A switchable material delivery device is provided for varying a delivery of material to the fuel cell system, so that a transition from a first state of the fuel cell system to a second state of the fuel cell system can be initiated, such that a potential difference between different electrodes can be effected. At least one reducing mechanism is provided for reducing the potential difference between the different electrodes during the transition, in which the reducing mechanism includes at least one compensating device for an unequal gas distribution by reducing the proportions causing degradation, to reduce degradation.