Abstract: The nanoimmunoassay chip comprises at least flow and control layers, divided into several rows, each row containing a plurality of single assay units, each assay unit contains two spotting chambers (1) and an assay chamber in the middle, wherein neck valves (2) separate the spotting chambers from the assay chamber during surface derivatization, said assay units being isolated from one another during incubation by isolation valves (3), wherein relief valves (4) help release built-up pressure into a microfluidic channel (5) after incubation and wherein round valves in the assay chamber define and protect the circular immunoassay regions (6).

Abstract: The invention provides a microfluidic device having a plurality of chambers each containing separately deposited reagents. The invention also provides an efficient PCR-based method for producing a linear expression template. The invention also provides methods for analyzing interactions between molecules, involving flow-deposition of expression templates on the substrate of chambers in a microfluidic device, and expressing proteins from the templates.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for surface patterning the substrate of a microfluidic device, and for detection and analysis of interactions between molecules by mechanically trapping a molecular complex while substantially expelling solvent and unbound solute molecules. Examples of molecular complexes include protein-protein complexes and protein-nucleic acid complexes.

Abstract: Using basic physical arguments, a design and method for the fabrication of microfluidic valves using multilayer soft lithography is presented. Embodiments of valves in accordance with the present invention feature elastomer membrane portions of substantially constant thickness, allowing the membranes to experience similar resistance to an applied pressure across their entire width. Such on-off valves fabricated with upwardly- or downwardly-deflectable membranes can have extremely low actuation pressures, and can be used to implement active functions such as pumps and mixers in integrated microfluidic chips. Valve performance was characterized by measuring both the actuation pressure and flow resistance over a wide range of design parameters, and comparing them to both finite element simulations and alternative valve geometries.