Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention allows for the production, with a high productivity, of a water-absorbent resin having an improved relationship between absorption capacity and water-soluble polymer, which are conflicting properties of the water-absorbent resin, being easily controlled for polymerization reaction, being of no odor, being less colored, and being of high absorption properties (high absorption capacity under load and high PPUP).

Abstract: A shell-and tube reactor including at least one reaction tube with a measuring means, substantially same solid particles being filled in the reaction tubes with or without the measuring means, a length of the filled solid particle layer, and a pressure drop thereof while passing a gas through the reaction tube, per each reaction tube, being substantially the same, respectively. By measuring the temperature of the catalyst particle layer, such a temperature as a representative can be gasped.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention allows for the production, with a high productivity, of a water-absorbent resin having an improved relationship between absorption capacity and water-soluble polymer, which are conflicting properties of the water-absorbent resin, being easily controlled for polymerization reaction, being of no odor, being less colored, and being of high absorption properties (high absorption capacity under load and high PPUP).

Abstract: A shell-and-tube type heat exchanger of the smallest possible length necessary for heat exchange is disclosed which is capable of obtaining uniform distribution of flow of a shell side fluid and substantially eliminating the structural restriction imposed on the shell side. This shell-and-tube type heat exchanger is provided with one annular conduit furnished with not less than two partitions concurrently serving as an expansion joint for introducing and discharging a shell side fluid and allowing the flow path for said shell side fluid to be separated into an introducing part and a discharging part and which comprises a place having no array of heat-transfer tubes in the flow path for said shell side fluid. It prevents the equipment from necessitating an unnecessary enlargement due to the structural restriction on the shell side and enables the shell side fluid to produce a uniform flow.

Abstract: In the reaction of catalytic gas phase oxidation induced by the supply of at least a raw material to be oxidized and a molecular oxygen-containing gas to a reactor for catalytic gas phase oxidation, a method for starting up the reactor for catalytic gas phase oxidation is disclosed which is characterized by causing the raw material and the molecular oxygen-containing gas to pass a range in which the concentration of the raw material is less than the lower explosion limit of the raw material and the concentration of oxygen is not less than the limiting oxygen concentration, but excluding the concentration of the raw material of 0 vol. %. The method enables the reactor to be started up economically and safely by avoiding the explosion range induced by the composition of a raw material and a molecular oxygen-containing gas supplied to the reactor and decreasing the amount of a diluting gas to be supplied.

Abstract: A method for distilling (meth)acrylic acid and/or the ester thereof by withdrawing vapor generated in a distillation column by distillation from the top of the column, condensing the vapor to give a condensate, and circulating part of the condensate as reflux liquid into the distillation column from the top thereof, comprising the step of adding a polymerization inhibitor to said condensate and said reflux liquid. This method enables maintaining the purity and quality of (meth)acrylic acid and/or the ester thereof at a certain level or higher, suppressing generation of polymers in the rectification column and suppressing polymerization of the condensate obtained by distillation in the incident facilities of the column such as condenser, condensate tank, and the like. In addition, the method enables reduction in the amount of polymerization inhibitor used while suppressing polymerization in the intermediate distillation columns (except the final rectification column).

Abstract: This invention resides in providing a method for the prevention of possible polymerization of the easily polymerizable substance during the purification thereof by a column provided with (a) at least one tray directly fixed to a support ring with a bolt and a nut and/or (b) at least one tray fixed to a support ring with a vertical clamp or a distillation column provided in the lower part thereof with a splash collision plate.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube type heat exchanger of the smallest possible length necessary for heat exchange is disclosed which is capable of obtaining uniform distribution of flow of a shell side fluid and substantially eliminating the structural restriction imposed on the shell side. This shell-and-tube type heat exchanger is provided with one annular conduit furnished with not less than two partitions concurrently serving as an expansion joint for introducing and discharging a shell side fluid and allowing the flow path for said shell side fluid to be separated into an introducing part and a discharging part and which comprises a place having no array of heat-transfer tubes in the flow path for said shell side fluid. It prevents the equipment from necessitating an unnecessary enlargement due to the structural restriction on the shell side and enables the shell side fluid to produce a uniform flow.

Abstract: A shell-and tube reactor including at least one reaction tube with a measuring means, substantially same solid particles being filled in the reaction tubes with or without the measuring means, a length of the filled solid particle layer, and a pressure drop thereof while passing a gas through the reaction tube, per each reaction tube, being substantially the same, respectively. By measuring the temperature of the catalyst particle layer, such a temperature as a representative can be gasped.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube type heat exchanger of the smallest possible length necessary for heat exchange is disclosed which is capable of obtaining uniform distribution of flow of a shell side fluid and substantially eliminating the structural restriction imposed on the shell side. This shell-and-tube type heat exchanger is provided with one annular conduit furnished with not less than two partitions concurrently serving as an expansion joint for introducing and discharging a shell side fluid and allowing the flow path for said shell side fluid to be separated into an introducing part and a discharging part and which comprises a place having no array of heat-transfer tubes in the flow path for said shell side fluid. It prevents the equipment from necessitating an unnecessary enlargement due to the structural restriction on the shell side and enables the shell side fluid to produce a uniform flow.

Abstract: In order to produce inexpensively with high productivity a water-absorbent resin of which: the residual monomer content and the water-extractable content are both low, and the properties are high, and the colorability is low; there is provided a process for producing a water-absorbent resin, which is a process for producing a crosslinked water-absorbent resin by polymerizing a monomer component including acrylic acid and/or its salt in a major proportion wherein the acrylic acid is a product obtained by catalytic gas phase oxidation of propylene and/or propane, with the process being characterized by comprising the steps of: preparing the monomer component from an acrylic acid composition that includes the unneutralized acrylic acid and a methoxyphenol and has a methoxyphenol content of 10 to 160 ppm by weight (based on the unneutralized acrylic acid); and then carrying out radical and/or ultraviolet polymerization of the resultant monomer component.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially easy and economical method for purification of acrylic acid which enables to efficiently eliminate impurities from a crude acrylic acid containing aldehydes as the impurities while the formation of acrylic acid polymer is inhibited. The method for purification of acrylic acid includes the step of distilling a crude acrylic acid which is charged with an aldehyde treatment chemical, wherein the concentration ratio of furfural to acrolein by weight in the crude acrylic acid is adjusted so as to satisfy the following equation: (furfural concentration by weight)/(acrolein concentration by weight)?100.

Abstract: A method for producing polyacrylic acid includes a combined process of an acrylic acid production process and a polyacrylic acid production process. The acrylic acid production process includes the steps of catalytically oxidizing propylene and/or propane in a gaseous phase to generate reaction product, absorbing the reaction product in a solvent, and purifying acrylic acid from an acrylic acid aqueous solution containing the solvent by purification. The polyacrylic acid production process includes the step of utilizing heat medium recovered in the acrylic acid production process to purify polyacrylic acid from the acrylic acid aqueous solution or from acrylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for producing (meth)acrylic acid and a process for producing (meth)acrylic acid with this apparatus wherein the apparatus enables the production of (meth)acrylic acid stably for a long period of time by effectively inhibiting the polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid in its production process (for example, in a reboiler). At least a part of the apparatus is made of a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with a molybdenum content of 3 to 20 mass %, but not including 3 mass %, or with a molybdenum content of 1 to 4 mass % and a copper content of 0.5 to 7 mass %.

Abstract: Provided are a packed column arranged so as to be capable of effectively preventing polymerization of a polymerizable compound such as a (meth)acrylic acid in treating the compound, and a method for treating a polymerizable compound using the packed column. The packed column, which is provided with a packing support plate and is filled with a packing on the packing support plate, is arranged so as to include a packing layer (B) having a greater percentage of voids than that of a packing layer (A), between the packing support plate and the packing layer (A).

Abstract: In an apparatus provided with a plate type heat exchanger as a heater and/or a cooler and operated to treat a gas containing an easily blocking substance, a method for preventing the plate type heat exchanger from being blocked is disclosed which is characterized by i) setting the width of a flow path on a plate of the plate type heat exchanger in the apparatus in a range of 6-25 mm and ii) setting the average flow rate of the gas passing the plate type heat exchanger in the apparatus per unit cross-sectional area of the flow path on the plate in the range of 3-15 m/s. In the exchange of heat of an easily blocking substance by the use of a plate type heat exchanger, a method for preventing the plate type heat exchanger from blockage is disclosed which has the plate type heat exchanger provided in the port for introducing a gas containing an easily blocking substance with a gas dispersion plate.

Abstract: A method for distilling (meth)acrylic acid and/or the ester thereof by withdrawing vapor generated in a distillation column by distillation from the top of the column, condensing the vapor to give a condensate, and circulating part of the condensate as reflux liquid into the distillation column from the top thereof, comprising the step of adding a polymerization inhibitor to said condensate and said reflux liquid. This method enables maintaining the purity and quality of (meth)acrylic acid and/or the ester thereof at a certain level or higher, suppressing generation of polymers in the rectification column and suppressing polymerization of the condensate obtained by distillation in the incident facilities of the column such as condenser, condensate tank, and the like. In addition, the method enables reduction in the amount of polymerization inhibitor used while suppressing polymerization in the intermediate distillation columns (except the final rectification column).

Abstract: A method for distilling a raw material liquid containing (meth)acrylic acid substantially free from azeotropic solvents, collected with a collection agent from a mixed gas obtained by gas phase catalytic oxidation reactions which includes feeding to a distillation column the raw material liquid which temperature is substantially equal to that of the entrance place in the column.

Abstract: In order to produce inexpensively with high productivity a water-absorbent resin of which: the residual monomer content and the water-extractable content are both low, and the properties are high, and the colorability is low; there is provided a process for producing a water-absorbent resin, which is a process for producing a crosslinked water-absorbent resin by polymerizing a monomer component including acrylic acid and/or its salt in a major proportion wherein the acrylic acid is a product obtained by catalytic gas phase oxidation of propylene and/or propane, with the process being characterized by comprising the steps of: preparing the monomer component from an acrylic acid composition that includes the unneutralized acrylic acid and a methoxyphenol and has a methoxyphenol content of 10 to 160 ppm by weight (based on the unneutralized acrylic acid); and then carrying out radical and/or ultraviolet polymerization of the resultant monomer component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat-exchanging method for an easily polymerizable compound which method effectively prevents polymerization in a heat exchanger to enable a long-term stable heat exchange when an easily polymerizable liquid compound (for example, acrylate ester) or an easily polymerizable compound-containing liquid (for example, aqueous acrylic acid solution) is heat-exchanged. A vertical spiral type heat exchanger with a fluid path space of not less than 6 mm is used as a heat exchanger to carry out the heat exchange under conditions where the average liquid flow rate is not less than 0.2 m/sec and where the liquid residence time is not more than 100 seconds.