Abstract: A reference vibration generator 1 receives transmission waves from all reference vibration generators including itself as transmission/reception waves kk0?Pi (? is the sum of i=1 to N), amplifies them by an amplifier 3, superimposes them with a part of an output Pi from an limit cycle vibration circuit and inputs them into the limit cycle vibration circuit to thereby perform limit cycle vibration, and transmits a part of the output Qi=k0Pj to the outside. With the limit cycle vibration performed cooperatively by the whole systems, transmission waves are automatically modulated, whereby mutual synchronization is realized among reference vibration generators built in or added to a plurality of system units arranged distributively.

Abstract: A reference vibration generator 1 receives transmission waves from all reference vibration generators including itself as transmission/reception waves kk0?Pi (?is the sum of i=1 to N), amplifies them by an amplifier 3, superimposes them with a part of an output Pi from an limit cycle vibration circuit and inputs them into the limit cycle vibration circuit to thereby perform limit cycle vibration, and transmits a part of the output Qi=k0Pj to the outside.

Abstract: A moving system includes an oscillation portion and a conversion portion. The oscillation portion causes oscillation in accordance with a natural frequency by repeating expansion and contraction. The conversion portion converts the oscillation of the oscillation portion into rectilinear movement in one direction. A moving method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method which is capable of solving a diffusion equation at a high precision by Fourier expansion. Diffusion quantity f, when a diffusion source s is provided, is determined by Fourier-transforming spacial components of f(r, t) and s(r, t) in both sides of ∂f (r, t)/∂t=s(r, t)+D∇2f(r, t), modifying each component into a differential equation of a form which is each of spacial frequency components obtained by the Fourier transformation and finite solving a finite difference equation f(t+&Dgr;t)=exp(−c&Dgr;t)f(t)+(&Dgr;t/2)[exp(−c&Dgr;t)s(t)+s(t+&Dgr;t)] by a repeating method.

Abstract: In plural oscillation systems each of which can be described by the van der Pol equation, each oscillation system is reciprocally connected with at least one oscillation system other than the own oscillation system by a coupling factor to realize automatically the phenomenon of synchronization of the respective oscillation systems to enable spontaneous tuning of the entire system. A self-excited oscillation of an oscillation system prescribed by a van der Pol equation is controlled on/off by varying an applied voltage as a variable.

Abstract: Waves such as radio-waves, sound waves, or electric current waves are used for communication among system units. Each system unit includes a reference oscillation generation apparatus which receives as input a sum of a sent wave and a received wave. An upper limit and a lower limit for input amplitude range is set in said reference oscillation generation apparatus. The apparatus modulates the output (sent wave) so as to meet the input amplitude range so that synchronization among a large number of distributed reference oscillation generation systems is attained. As a result, it becomes possible to eliminate phase differences among reference oscillation systems added to a large number of distributed system units and attain synchronization.

Abstract: The method for determining unknown structure of a solid by means of corpuscular beams or electromagnetic waves, includes the steps of radiating first incident waves to the solid to thereby obtain first scattering waves. radiating second incident waves to the solid in the direction opposite to the direction in which the first scattering waves had travelled, to thereby obtain second scattering waves, and measuring the intensity of the second scattering waves and the direction in which the second scattering waves had travelled.