Abstract: A mirror includes a substrate, a reflection layer, and a protection layer. The substrate includes a surface having an attachment area and a reflection area. The reflection layer is formed on the reflection area. The protection layer is formed on the reflection area on which the reflection layer is formed and the attachment area. Material of the protection layer is homogeneous across the reflection area and the attachment area.

Abstract: A mirror includes a substrate, a reflection layer, and a protection layer. The substrate includes a surface having an attachment area and a reflection area. The reflection layer is formed on the reflection area. The protection layer is formed on the reflection area on which the reflection layer is formed and the attachment area. Material of the protection layer is homogeneous across the reflection area and the attachment area.

Abstract: A flow through type liquid analyzer hasan analytical portion;a peristaltic pump connected to the analytical portion for supplying various kinds of liquids to the analytical portion, a passage-change over valve mechanism for controlling the kinds of liquid supplied to the analytical portion,an air bubble adding mechanism for adding air bubbles to the liquid sent to the analytical portion from the passage-change over valve mechanism,a detecting device for detecting movement of the air bubbles from the air bubble adding mechanism to the analytical portion, and a controller connected to the detecting device and to the pump for determining the flow rate of the liquid being sent to the analytical portion from the detected movement and controlling the speed of rotation of the pump in response to the determined flow rate for automatically maintaining the flow rate of the liquid sent to the analytical portion at a predetermined desired value.

Abstract: A packing which includes a plurality of seal portions integrally formed on an annular elastic sheet. The seal portions are spaced about the circumference of the sheet and project from one side surface of the sheet. Each seal portion has a through hole extending entirely through the sheet parallel to the center axis of the sheet. In the preferred embodiment, the packing is used in a rotary change-over valve and each seal portion has an annular rib at its free end which is adapted to fit in a corresponding hole in a rotary valve inlet element with the packing held in a recess in the inlet element between the inlet element and a rotary valve outlet element.

Abstract: A standard solution for simultaneously calibrating a plurality of ion electrodes for determining a plurality of ion electrodes for determining a plurality of ions including at least potassium ions and calcium ions in blood, the improvement wherein the concentration of the standard solution for a potassium ion electrode and a calcium ion electrode is adjusted in accordance with the following equations: ##EQU1## As for potassium ion,C=C.sub.o .multidot.10.sup.-.DELTA.E/60As for calcium ion,C=C.sub.o .multidot.10.sup.-.DELTA.E/30As for potassium ion,A=-0.130 to -0.065As for calcium ion,A=-0.240 to -0.172whereinE: is the potential difference when an ionic strength of 150 mM is used as the standard;.mu.: is the ionic strength;C.sub.o : is the calibrated concentration;C: is the concentration of reagent added; andA: is the correction factor.

Abstract: A flow through type glass electrode has a resin body having a hollow interior and having bores in the opposite ends thereof extending from the outside into the interior and aligned with each other, an internal electrode positioned in the interior, a straight unitary hollow glass capillary tube extending through the bores and interior and having a uniform diameter sample flow passage therethrough, sealing members in sealing engagement around the tube and in sealing engagement in the bores where the bores open into the interior, plugs closely fitted around the tube and closely fitted in the bores where the bores open out of the body and being spaced from the sealing members along the bores to define an insulating material receiving space therebetween and extending along each bore, an insulating material filling the insulating material receiving space, and an internal liquid filling the interior.

Abstract: A reference electrode includes a holder member having therein a chamber. An inner electrode is positioned within the chamber, the inner electrode being connected to an electric lead extending through an upper end of the holder member. The holder member has a lower end which is closed by a liquid junction in the form of a hydrophilic polypropylene membrane coated with a surface active agent. The membrane has an integral flange which fits around the lower end of the holder member, and the membrane is readily selectively removable from the lower end of the holder member.