Abstract: An electromagnetically operated shutter mechanism comprising first and second shutter members supported for movement in the opposite directions to each other for selectively closing and opening an exposure aperture. Permanent magnets are respectively mounted on the first and second shutter members. Cooperative with these permanent magnets are first and second solenoid coils for driving at least either one of the first and second shutter members accompanying corresponding movement of the other of the first and second shutter members. For energizing the solenoid coils, some electric drive circuits are also disclosed.

Abstract: A motor-driven shutter mechanism comprising two shutter members adapted to open and close an exposure aperture for the passage of the incoming light therethrough. These shutter members are operatively coupled to each other and to the drive shafts of two motors through a motion translator for translating a rotary motion into a linear movement. Electric drive circuits for operating the motors are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electromagnetically operated shutter mechanism comprising first and second shutter members supported for movement in the opposite directions to each other for selectively closing and opening an exposure aperture. Permanent magnets are respectively mounted on the first and second shutter members. Cooperative with these permanent magnets are first and second solenoid coils for driving at least either one of the first and second shutter members accompanying corresponding movement of the other of the first and second shutter members. For energizing the solenoid coils, some electric drive circuits including push-pull amplifiers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A data recording system is disclosed in which level of intensity of light emitted by a light source to illuminate selected items of data on a data carrier to permit projection of the image of the data onto film material simultaneously with exposure of the film material to image-wise light from an external scene is automatically made higher or lower as camera shutter speed is increased or decreased. The total amount of light emitted by the light source and allowed to reach the film material is maintained generally constant and recording of data is effected efficiently at all shutter speeds.

Abstract: An automatic surface defect-detecting method and apparatus for detecting only effective significant surface defects. The significant defects can be detected from video signals and differential signals corresponding to particular scanning lines respectively by removing the distributed density portions having a larger pulse width in the scanning line direction, or removing smaller differential value portions in density, from the examined portions with higher density of flourescent magnetic powders thereon.