Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding a video. According to an embodiment, provided is a method of setting a level for each of one or more regions, including decoding a definition syntax element related to level definition and a designation syntax element related to target designation from a bitstream; defining one or more levels based on the definition syntax element; and setting a target level designated by the designation syntax element among the defined levels for a target region designated by the designation syntax element.

Abstract: Disclosed are an inter-prediction method and an image decoding apparatus using the same. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an inter-prediction method including extracting a merge candidate flag and offset information from a bitstream, selecting a merge candidate corresponding to the extracted merge candidate flag from a merge candidate list including neighboring blocks of a current block as merge candidates, deciding a motion vector of the current block by applying the offset information to a motion vector of the selected merge candidate, and generating, as a prediction block of the current block, a block indicated by the motion vector of the current block in a reference picture referenced by the selected merge candidate.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of selectively leaching lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al) from a mixed carbonate precipitate (MCP) and, more specifically, a method of selectively leaching Li and Al from an MCP, by which a high-purity MCP can be prepared through selective leaching of Li and Al contained in an MCP used as a raw material for recovering valuable metals including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reconstructing a current block in units of sub-blocks included in the current block. The method includes: decoding transform coefficients in a transform block of the current block, sub-block information indicating a division form of the sub-blocks and transform type information indicating a transform type applied to the transform block from a bitstream; deriving a residual block of the current block from the transform coefficients on the basis of the transform type indicated by the transform type information and the sub-block information; and filtering boundaries of the sub-blocks in a reconstructed block of the current block derived on the basis of the residual block.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for providing an in-vehicle interface. The method may provide a first interface before driving of a vehicle, a second interface after the driving of the vehicle starts, and a third interface after completion of the driving of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a method and system for selecting a decentralized blockchain validator of a proof of use consensus algorithm that first verifies the reputation and identity of the node (or validator) participating in block verification in the blockchain using an external service linked to a blockchain oracle and again verifies the reality of the participating nodes through a blockchain service such as a proof of attendance protocol (POAP), and then selects the final validator using two random processes employing a double-blind process, thereby autonomizing and systematizing the selection process of nodes for verifying blocks in the blockchain to secure decentralization, maintain the scalability of proof of authority as well as eliminate centralization, which is a major critical factor.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a method is performed by a first controller for providing security for second controllers in an in-vehicle network. An inherent information request is transmitted to a suspicious controller of the plurality of second controllers for an inherent information of the suspicious controller. The inherent information request includes a certificate assigned to the first controller. An encrypted inherent information of the suspicious controller is received from the suspicious controller and a decrypted inherent information is compared with a pre-stored inherent information. The suspicious controller is determined to be an anomalous controller when the decrypted inherent information is different from the pre-stored inherent information. In response to receiving an update request from a backend server for a specified controller out of the plurality of second controllers, the inherent information request including the certificate assigned is transmitted to the specified controller.

Abstract: A mask assembly and method for manufacturing of the same are provided. A mask assembly includes: a mask frame including a first mask opening and a second mask opening which are located side by side in a first direction and defined by a support bar; a first split mask overlapping the first mask opening; and a second split mask overlapping the second mask opening, and the first split mask and the second split mask are spaced apart from each other in a region overlapping the support bar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of connection of home appliance to a network, a network-connection system for home appliances, and an apparatus related to a network-connection setting for home appliances. The network connection method of home appliance includes operations in which a terminal device receives an input of an authentication key of an access point (AP) apparatus and the terminal device or the AP apparatus verifies and authenticates the authentication key; a home appliance is set to be in a state of communicating with the terminal device; the home appliance is interconnected to the terminal device and the terminal device transmits an identification number and the certificated authentication key of the AP apparatus to the home appliance; and the home appliance is connected to the AP apparatus based on the identification number and the authentication key of the AP apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor. The gas sensor comprises: a substrate; a thermoelectric layer which is disposed on the substrate and has a metal nanowire; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the thermoelectric layer; and a catalyst layer which is disposed on the first electrode and has a composite structure in which a metal particle is bonded to a carbon structure.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a method is performed by a first controller for providing security for second controllers in an in-vehicle network. An inherent information request is transmitted to a suspicious controller of the plurality of second controllers for an inherent information of the suspicious controller. The inherent information request includes a certificate assigned to the first controller. An encrypted inherent information of the suspicious controller is received from the suspicious controller and a decrypted inherent information is compared with a pre-stored inherent information. The suspicious controller is determined to be an anomalous controller when the decrypted inherent information is different from the pre-stored inherent information. In response to receiving an update request from a backend server for a specified controller out of the plurality of second controllers, the inherent information request including the certificate assigned is transmitted to the specified controller.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a method performed by a first controller for providing security for multiple second controllers in an in-vehicle network, includes transmitting an inherent information request to a suspicious controller of the second controllers for inherent information of the suspicious controller, the inherent information request including a certificate assigned to the first controller, and receiving an encrypted inherent information of the suspicious controller from the suspicious controller, the encrypted inherent information having been encrypted with a public key associated with the certificate, and using a private key associated with the certificate for obtaining decrypted inherent information from the encrypted inherent information, and comparing the decrypted inherent information with pre-stored inherent information, and determining the suspicious controller to be an anomalous controller when the decrypted inherent information is different from the pre-stored inherent information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of connection of home appliance to a network, a network-connection system for home appliances, and an apparatus related to a network-connection setting for home appliances. The network connection method of home appliance includes operations in which a terminal device receives an input of an authentication key of an access point (AP) apparatus and the terminal device or the AP apparatus verifies and authenticates the authentication key; a home appliance is set to be in a state of communicating with the terminal device; the home appliance is interconnected to the terminal device and the terminal device transmits an identification number and the certificated authentication key of the AP apparatus to the home appliance; and the home appliance is connected to the AP apparatus based on the identification number and the authentication key of the AP apparatus.

Abstract: A mask assembly and method for manufacturing of the same are provided. A mask assembly includes: a mask frame including a first mask opening and a second mask opening which are located side by side in a first direction and defined by a support bar; a first split mask overlapping the first mask opening; and a second split mask overlapping the second mask opening, and the first split mask and the second split mask are spaced apart from each other in a region overlapping the support bar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of connection of home appliance to a network, a network-connection system for home appliances, and an apparatus related to a network-connection setting for home appliances. The network connection method of home appliance includes operations in which a terminal device receives an input of an authentication key of an access point (AP) apparatus and the terminal device or the AP apparatus verifies and authenticates the authentication key; a home appliance is set to be in a state of communicating with the terminal device; the home appliance is interconnected to the terminal device and the terminal device transmits an identification number and the certificated authentication key of the AP apparatus to the home appliance; and the home appliance is connected to the AP apparatus based on the identification number and the authentication key of the AP apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle network intrusion detection device, a system including the same, and a method thereof are provided. The vehicle network intrusion detection device includes a processor that records a receive timestamp of a controller area network (CAN) message for each CAN ID, calculates a residual, which is a difference between a real receive timestamp and an average receive timestamp of the CAN message, using the recorded receive timestamp, and determines whether there is a vehicle network intrusion based on the residual and a storage storing at least one of the CAN message receive timestamp, the residual, or the result of detecting the intrusion.

Abstract: A vehicle network intrusion detection device, a system including the same, and a method thereof are provided. The vehicle network intrusion detection device includes a processor that records a receive timestamp of a controller area network (CAN) message for each CAN ID, calculates a residual, which is a difference between a real receive timestamp and an average receive timestamp of the CAN message, using the recorded receive timestamp, and determines whether there is a vehicle network intrusion based on the residual and a storage storing at least one of the CAN message receive timestamp, the residual, or the result of detecting the intrusion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor. The gas sensor comprises: a substrate; a thermoelectric layer which is disposed on the substrate and has a metal nanowire; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the thermoelectric layer; and a catalyst layer which is disposed on the first electrode and has a composite structure in which a metal particle is bonded to a carbon structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of performing, by a first device, short-range wireless communication with a second device, the method including receiving, from the second device, second authentication information encrypted using first authentication information of the first device, decrypting the encrypted second authentication information by using the first authentication information, determining a secret key based on the decrypted second authentication information, and performing communication between the first device and the second device by using the determined secret key.