Abstract: An integrated device, comprising a substrate having a first surface; and at least one pixel formed on or in the substrate. The at least one pixel comprising a reaction chamber configured to receive a sample, and a sensor configured to detect emission light emitted from the reaction chamber and at least one nanostructure disposed in a plane between a waveguide and the sensor, wherein the optical nanostructure is configured to converge at least a portion of the emission light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane. The waveguide is configured to couple excitation light to each pixel.