Abstract: The present invention relates to a three-dimensional structure electrode, a method for manufacturing same, and an electrochemical element including the electrode. The present invention is characterized by comprising: (a) an upper conductive layer and a lower conductive layer which have a structure constituting an assembly within which a conductive material and a porous nonwoven fabric including a plurality of polymeric fibers are three-dimensionally connected in an irregular and continuous manner, thereby forming a mutually connected porous structure; and (b) an active material layer forming the same assembly structure as the conductive layers and forming a three-dimensionally filled structure in which electrode active material particles are uniformly filled inside the mutually connected porous structure formed in the assembly structure, wherein the active material layer is formed between the upper conductive layer and the lower conductive layer.

Abstract: A PUF apparatus comprises: a PUF cell array in which a plurality of PUF cells are arranged each including a FeFET pair whose gates are commonly connected to a corresponding word line among a plurality of word lines, and whose drains and sources are connected to a corresponding bit line pair and a corresponding source line pair among a plurality of bit line pairs and a plurality of source line pairs running in a direction crossing the plurality of word lines; and a read-write-back block which is activated according to a read enable signal, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference occurring in a corresponding bit line pair among the plurality of bit line pairs according to the difference in driving strength due to a deviation in a manufacturing process of the FeFET pair in the PUF cell selected by a selected word line among the plurality of word lines.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment includes: a first inverter; and a second inverter cross-coupled to the first inverter, wherein the second inverter includes a pull-up transistor, a pull-down transistor, and a ferroelectric field effect transistor having gate nodes connected to each other, and a restore transistor having one electrode connected to the ferroelectric field effect transistor, and the second inverter stores data in a nonvolatile manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a submerged hollow fiber membrane module that includes a partition membrane having a slanted slit-shaped opening, and thus capable of not only improving operating efficiency of a hollow fiber membrane module by accelerating the water flow, but also allowing easy discharge of highly concentrated raw water around the hollow fiber membrane to the outside of the module during a reverse wash process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a submerged hollow fiber membrane module that includes a partition membrane having a slanted slit-shaped opening, and thus capable of not only improving operating efficiency of a hollow fiber membrane module by accelerating the water flow, but also allowing easy discharge of highly concentrated raw water around the hollow fiber membrane to the outside of the module during a reverse wash process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid sequences for regulating the transcription and expression of genes, the novel promoters and expression units themselves, methods for altering or causing the transcription rate and/or expression rate of genes, expression cassettes comprising the expression units, genetically modified microorganisms with altered or caused transcription rate and/or expression rate, and methods for preparing biosynthetic products by cultivating the genetically modified microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid sequences for regulating the transcription and expression of genes, the novel promoters and expression units themselves, methods for altering or causing the transcription rate and/or expression rate of genes, expression cassettes comprising the expression units, genetically modified microorganisms with altered or caused transcription rate and/or expression rate, and methods for preparing biosynthetic products by cultivating the genetically modified microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid sequences for regulating the transcription and expression of genes, the novel promoters and expression units themselves, methods for altering or causing the transcription rate and/or expression rate of genes, expression cassettes comprising the expression units, genetically modified microorganisms with altered or caused transcription rate and/or expression rate, and methods for preparing biosynthetic products by cultivating the genetically modified microorganisms.