Abstract: Provided are a method for generating a summary and a system therefor. The method according to some embodiments may include calculating a likelihood loss for a summary model using a first text sample and a first summary sentence corresponding to the first text sample, calculating an unlikelihood loss for the summary model using a second text sample and the first summary sentence, the second text sample being a negative sample generated from the first text sample, and updating the summary model based on the likelihood loss and the unlikelihood loss.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), wherein the lithium composite transition metal oxide has a layered crystal structure of space group R3m, includes the nickel (Ni) in an amount of 60 mol % or less based on a total amount of transition metals, includes the cobalt (Co) in an amount greater than an amount of the manganese (Mn), and is composed of single particles.

Abstract: An apparatus for embedding a sentence feature vector according to an embodiment includes a sentence acquisitor configured to acquire a first sentence and a second sentence, each including one or more words; a vector extractor configured to extract a first feature vector corresponding to the first sentence and a second feature vector corresponding to the second sentence by independently inputting each of the first sentence and the second sentence into a feature extraction network; and a vector compressor configured to compress the first feature vector and the second feature vector into a first compressed vector and a second compressed vector, respectively, by independently inputting each of the first feature vector and the second feature vector into a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based vector compression network.

Abstract: A busbar unit electrically connected to a motor comprising a stator around which a coil is wound includes: a first terminal including a first body and a first terminal part protruding from an upper portion of the first body and electrically connected to the coil; a first holder configured to support the first terminal such that the first terminal part is exposed to an outside of the busbar unit; and a second holder disposed on an upper portion of the first holder and configured to press the coil against the first terminal part.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting a desired expression section according to input bit values in a mobile communication system that expresses only a defined partial section of the input bit values in order to make the number of output bits be less than the number of the input bits, and maps bit values included in unexpressed sections to a specific value is provided. In the apparatus and method, a measurer divides possible output bit values into at least three sections, and measures output frequencies of output bits for the respective sections for a predetermined time. A controller adjusts the desired expression section, when an output frequency for a specific section is greater than output frequencies for other sections.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of receiving multi-path signals in a direct sequence Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile communication system is disclosed. Timing control signals from respective fingers are collected, and relations among positions of time delays where the respective fingers intend to perform a demodulation are analyzed. If it is determined that the time delay position for a specified finger approaches the time delay position of the finger allocated with an adjacent multi-path as close as a threshold value, the distance between the time delay positions is compulsorily kept as the threshold value. This can be effected by making the timing control signal of the finger allocated with the adjacent multi-path be equally used in the specified finger.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting a desired expression section according to input bit values in a mobile communication system that expresses only a defined partial section of the input bit values in order to make the number of output bits be less than the number of the input bits, and maps bit values included in unexpressed sections to a specific value is provided. In the apparatus and method, a measurer divides possible output bit values into at least three sections, and measures output frequencies of output bits for the respective sections for a predetermined time. A controller adjusts the desired expression section, when an output frequency for a specific section is greater than output frequencies for other sections.

Abstract: A fast search method for searching for an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization. An upper boundary value and a lower boundary value between which an optimum codeword will exist in a codebook are calculated using a distortion of a designated element in an input vector and an experimentally determined threshold. Further, a start point and an end point for codebook search are determined using a binary search method from a codebook rearranged in descending order, and a full search scheme is applied only within a search range calculated by the determined start point and end point, thereby determining an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of receiving multi-path signals in a direct sequence Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile communication system is disclosed. Timing control signals from respective fingers are collected, and relations among positions of time delays where the respective fingers intend to perform a demodulation are analyzed. If it is determined that the time delay position for a specified finger approaches the time delay position of the finger allocated with an adjacent multi-path as close as a threshold value, the distance between the time delay positions is compulsorily kept as the threshold value. This can be effected by making the timing control signal of the finger allocated with the adjacent multi-path be equally used in the specified finger.

Abstract: A fast search method for searching for an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization. An upper boundary value and a lower boundary value between which an optimum codeword will exist in a codebook are calculated using a distortion of a designated element in an input vector and an experimentally determined threshold. Further, a start point and an end point for codebook search are determined using a binary search method from a codebook rearranged in descending order, and a full search scheme is applied only within a search range calculated by the determined start point and end point, thereby determining an optimum codeword for nearest neighbor vector quantization.

Abstract: A transmitter for a multiple frequency radio communication system provides a capability for filtering spread spectrum signals of a multiple frequency system by using one lowpass filter, and variably controlling the sampling speed when converting the lowpass filtered digital signal into an analog signal.

Abstract: A method for increasing information throughput in a transmitter of a digital mobile telecommunication system is provided. The method includes the step of implementing error correction with respect to a traffic channel frame having user service information to generate CRC bits for the user service information of the traffic channel frame. The CRC bits are inserted into a control channel frame. The traffic channel frame and the control channel frame having the inserted CRC bits are transmitted at a radio frequency.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting a frequency correction burst in a TDMA digital mobile communication system. The circuit comprises a first multiplier for inputting I-channel data modulated by a continuous phase shift key and multiplying the inputted I-channel data by a sine wave frequency of the frequency correction burst to produce a first channel signal I1(nT); a second multiplier for inputting Q-channel data modulated by the continuous phase shift key and multiplying the inputted Q-channel data by the sine wave frequency of the frequency correction burst to produce a second channel signal Q1(nT); a low-pass filter for lowpass-filtering the first and second channel signals I1(nT) and Q1(nT) to produce first and second filtered channel signals I2(nT) and Q2(nT); a first energy estimation unit for estimating energies of the first and second channel signals I1(nT) and Q1(nT), respectively to generate a first instantaneous signal energy E.sub.