Abstract: Catalytic process for the manufacture of acid fluoride selected from isobutyryl fluoride, methyl-2 butyryl fluoride, and pivaloyl fluoride from carbon monoxide, hydrogen fluoride, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon stream comprising principally an alkane having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, comprising the following series of stages:(a) introduction of at least one fluid chosen from carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbon stream into a reactor in the presence of a superacidic catalyst system comprising hydrogen fluoride, antimony pentafluoride, and at least one compound chosen from bromine, iodine, bromides, and iodides,(b) where appropriate, if it has not already been introduced during stage (a), introduction into the reactor of a fluid chosen from carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbon stream, under conditions that are suitable to permit the formation, principally, of a complex consisting of the alkyloxocarbonium cation and the anion SbF.sub.6.sup.

Abstract: Catalytic process for the manufacture of acid fluoride from carbon monoxide, hydrogen fluoride, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon stream mainly containing at least one alkane containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms, comprising the following series of stages:(a) introduction of at least one fluid chosen from carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbon stream into a reactor in the presence of a superacidic catalyst system consisting essentially of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride,(b) where appropriate, if it has not already been introduced during stage (a), introduction into the reactor of a fluid chosen from carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbon stream, the reactor being at a temperature not above 60.degree. C. to permit the formation, principally, of a complex consisting of the alkyloxocarbonium cation and the anion SbF.sub.6.sup.-,(c) conversion of the complex into acid fluoride,(d) separation of the acid fluoride, and(e) recovery of the superacidic catalyst system.

Abstract: Process for cooking lignocellulosic materials by heating the said materials in a cooking solution containing caustic soda with or without an alkali metal sulphide, in which the solution used contains about 0.01% to 10%, preferably 0.05% to 2%, by weight of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9,10-anthracenediol based on the weight of the dry lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of the mononitro derivatives substituted in positions 5 or 6 of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-anthraquinone, which comprises nitrating 1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-9,10-anthracene-dione by means of nitric acid or a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: An oxirane compound is prepared by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence both of (i) at least one lead compound, exemplarily triethyl lead hydroxide and also of (ii) at least one compound of a group IV-A, V-A or VI-A transition metal exemplarily tungsten hexacarbonyl. The epoxided products are useful in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and the like.