Abstract: A process which comprises reacting 1,4,4a,5,8,8a,9a,10a-octahydro-anthraquinone with nitrobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of a basic compound soluble in the reaction medium and of an inhibitor of free radical reactions to produce anthraquinone.

Abstract: Novel percompound activators having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen or certain substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one aromatic ring, or R.sub.5 and/or R.sub.6 are COR.sub.7, where R.sub.7 is hydrogen or certain substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl radicals or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one aromatic ring, the activators producing more rapid bleaching or oxidation at a given temperature or the same bleaching effect at a lower temperature and being useful for bleaching textile fibers, oils, fats, and waxes; hair and skin treatment; metal surface passivation; or purifying, sterilizing and disinfecting techniques.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of azines by contacting in the liquid phase ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and a carbonyl compound, either an aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction takes place in the presence of an amide (I) of a monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid, wherein at least one of the ionization constants is below 5 .times. 10.sup.-5, and further in the presence of an inorganic or organic catalyst (II), having the atomic structure H--X--Y.dbd.Z, H representing hydrogen, X and Z representing oxygen or nitrogen and Y representing carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium or tellurium. It is possible for X, Y or Z to carry other substituents, providing valency rules are obeyed. The process is carried out in the presence of the ammonium salt (III) of the carboxylic acid corresponding to the amide (I), at the rate of at least 0.1 mole of the ammonium salt (III) per mole of hydrogen peroxide employed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins which comprises reacting an olefin of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which can be the same or different, represent either a hydrogen atom, a straight alkyl radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl radical or cycloalkyl radical having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and containing a phenyl group; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, or R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 together represent a straight or branched alkylene radical with 3 to 11 carbon atoms, (the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be unsaturated and/or substituted with functional groups which are stable in the reaction medium, such as hydroxy, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, nitro (--NO.sub.2), nitroso (--NO), alkoxy, (--OR') amino (--NH.sub.2), carbonyl (=CO), alkylcarbonyl ##STR2## carboxylic acid (--COOH), carboxylic acid ester (--COOR'), amide or carbamyl (--CONH.sub.

Abstract: Ammonia and aldehydes or ketones are selectively oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding azines when they are reacted in the presence of both (a) an amide of a carboxylic acid having a pK greater than about 4.3 and (b) a co-catalyst having the general formula H--X--Y=Z, wherein H is hydrogen, X and Z are each an atom of oxygen or nitrogen and Y is an atom of carbon, nitrogen, arsenic, antimony, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium or tellurium; the atoms of X, Y, and Z carrying other substituents necessary to obey the rules of valence. Preferred co-catalysts include di(alkali metal) hydrogen phosphates, lower dialkyl phosphate esters, bicarbonates and p-toluene sulfonic acid. When 1.degree. or 2.degree. amines are also present, hydrazones are also formed along with the azines. Uses of the resultant products include their hydrolysis to hydrazines with recycling of aldehyde or ketone.