Abstract: An ophthalmic measuring apparatus in one aspect of the invention for examining the crystalline lens of an eye having a measuring unit which projects a measuring light beam on the crystalline lens of the eye and receives the measuring light scattered by the crystalline lens comprises: a reference position setting means for setting a reference position for the eye in a three-dimensional space; a moving means for moving the measuring unit in a three-dimensional space relative to the eye; and a displacement detecting means for detecting the displacement of the measuring unit from the reference position for the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic measuring apparatus for eliminating the noise ingredient of the light without eliminating the scattered light by molecules in crystalline lens of the examiner, to achieve stable results of measurements, the ophthalmic measuring apparatus provided a laser beam irradiating optical system for emitting and converging a laser beam to an eye, and a scattered light detecting optical system for detecting a light scattered by molecules in a crystalline lens from the laser beam, and also provided measuring device for measuring a composition in the crystalline lens on the basis of the intensity of the light detected by the scattered light detecting optical system, of which a first polarizing filter is disposed in the scattered light detecting optical system so as to be consistent with the polarizing axis of the laser beam of the laser beam irradiating optical system.

Abstract: Gel beads of microbial cells or enzymes enclosed in gels are produced by forming a surface liquid stream of a gelling agent flowing from the center toward the peripheral wall of a vessel containing the gelling agent by a lower rotor on the liquid surface of the gelling agent, and dispersing a colloidal suspension of microbial cells or enzymes into a droplets by an upper rotor and allowing the dispersed droplets to fall onto the surface liquid stream, thereby contacting the droplets with the gelling agent. The lower and upper rotors may have vanes radially provided at a periphery of a lower and upper sides, respectively. In place of separate rotors, a single rotor may be used with lower and upper surfaces which respectively provide the functions of the lower and upper rotors. The lower and upper surfaces may also have radially provided vanes.

Abstract: Cultivation of microorganisms is controlled by measuring a pressure in a cultivation tank, a flow rate of effluent gas from the cultivation tank, and a concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the effluent gas, calculating a partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas in the cultivation tank and an amount of a carbon dioxide gas produced by the microorganisms, calculating an amount of propagated microorganism cells from the resulting partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas and the amount of produced carbon dioxide gas, thereby calculating an amount of microorganism cells in culture liquor, and supplying a substrate in an amount controlled in accordance with the resulting amount of microorganism cells in culture liquor.Microorganisms can be cultivated in high yield and at a high product concentration.

Abstract: Waste water containing organic materials is introduced into an aeration tank, and is subjected to aeration treatment in the presence of activated sludge, while supplying oxygen to the aeration tank. The tank provided with an air diffusion pipe at the bottom of the tank, an air dispersion device above the air diffusion pipe and a plurality of inside cylinders above the air dispersion device. An overall circulating stream and partial circulating streams are generated in the aeration tank.