Abstract: The present invention relates to a window cover film and a flexible display panel including the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a window cover film including a base layer and a hard coating layer, and a flexible display panel including the same. Since the window cover film of the present invention has high surface hardness, flexibility, the excellent bending properties, the window cover film may be restored to the original form without permanent deformation and/or damage of the hard coating layer and the window cover film even though a predetermined deformation is repeated.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, electronic systems including the same, and methods of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device comprises a first gate stack structure including a first dielectric pattern and a first conductive pattern that are alternately stacked with each other, a memory channel structure including a first memory portion that penetrates the first gate stack structure, a through contact including a first through portion at a level the same as a level of the first memory portion, and a connection contact including a first connection portion at a level the same as the level of the first memory portion and the level of the first through portion. A minimum width of the first memory portion is less than a minimum width of the first through portion and a minimum width of the first connection portion.

Abstract: An image transformation method includes receiving an input image, a target style and target color information; generating a texture-transformed image in which the input image is transformed to a texture corresponding to the target style and a color-transformed image in which the input image is transformed to a color corresponding to the target color information, using a pretrained transformation model; and synthesizing the texture-transformed image and the color-transformed image to generate a result image in which the input image is transformed according to the target style and the target color information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an LPC residual signal encoding/decoding apparatus of an MDCT based unified voice and audio encoding device. The LPC residual signal encoding apparatus analyzes a property of an input signal, selects an encoding method of an LPC filtered signal, and encode the LPC residual signal based on one of a real filterbank, a complex filterbank, and an algebraic code excited linear prediction (ACELP).

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor device includes: a source structure including a cell region and an extension region; a gate stacking structure disposed on the source structure, the gate stacking structure including insulating patterns and conductive patterns, which are alternately stacked on each other; an insulating structure disposed on the gate stacking structure, the insulating structure including a plurality of insulating layers; a memory channel structure penetrating the gate stacking structure and electrically connected to the cell region; a separation structure penetrating the gate stacking structure and extending from the cell region to the extension region; and a penetration plug penetrating the gate stacking structure and the extension region, wherein the penetration plug includes: a first plug portion penetrating the gate stacking structure; and a second plug portion on the first plug portion, wherein the separation structure includes: a first separation portion penetrating the gate stacking str

Abstract: An extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography process includes lithographically patterning first through fourth photoresist regions on respective first through fourth regions of a semiconductor substrate, in sequence, using a mask. This mask includes a main area in which a main pattern is defined, a first dummy area in which a first dummy pattern is defined, a second dummy area in which a plurality of second sub-dummy patterns are defined at corresponding corners of the mask, and an alignment area including an alignment pattern therein that is spaced farther from a center of the main area relative to the first and second dummy areas. During the lithographically patterning, at least part of the alignment area on the first region of the substrate is exposed at least three times to EUV light, using the mask.

Abstract: A softening apparatus including an ion exchanger that is repeatedly regenerated using electrolyzed hydrogen ions (H+). The softening apparatus includes a regeneration unit configured to produce regeneration water including hydrogen ions (H+) by electrolyzing water, a softening unit including an ion exchanger regenerated by receiving the regeneration water and configured to convert raw water including hardness components into soft water, and a controller configured to control the regeneration unit to produce regeneration water having a pH of 2 to 4. The ion exchanger has a Si/Al ratio of 1 to 5 and includes an inner pore with a diameter greater than 4 nm.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide adsorbent may include a chabazite zeolite containing an alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion. The chabazite zeolite may have a Si/Al mole ratio of about 1 to about 9.9 and mesopores. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may be included in a carbon dioxide capture module. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may also be used in a method of separating carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide adsorbent may include a chabazite zeolite containing an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion. The chabazite zeolite may have a Si/Al mole ratio of about 1 to about 9.9. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may be included in a carbon dioxide capture module. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may also be used in a method of separating carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A softening apparatus including an ion exchanger that is repeatedly regenerated using electrolyzed hydrogen ions (H+). The softening apparatus includes a regeneration unit configured to produce regeneration water including hydrogen ions (H+) by electrolyzing water, a softening unit including an ion exchanger regenerated by receiving the regeneration water and configured to convert raw water including hardness components into soft water, and a controller configured to control the regeneration unit to produce regeneration water having a pH of 2 to 4. The ion exchanger has a Si/Al ratio of 1 to 5 and includes an inner pore with a diameter greater than 4 nm.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide adsorbent may include a chabazite zeolite containing an alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion. The chabazite zeolite may have a Si/Al mole ratio of about 1 to about 9.9 and mesopores. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may be included in a carbon dioxide capture module. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may also be used in a method of separating carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide adsorbent may include a chabazite zeolite containing an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion. The chabazite zeolite may have a Si/Al mole ratio of about 1 to about 9.9. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may be included in a carbon dioxide capture module. The carbon dioxide adsorbent may also be used in a method of separating carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating a Doppler frequency in a mobile terminal are provided. The method includes calculating two autocorrelation values for intervals of at least one sample from a channel estimation tap with a maximum power, and estimating a maximum Doppler frequency using the two autocorrelation values. The two autocorrelation values are autocorrelation values for intervals of different numbers of samples.

Abstract: A channel estimation method and apparatus using a self-tracking algorithm is provided for improving channel estimation accuracy. The channel estimation apparatus of a mobile terminal includes a receiver for converting a received radio signal into a baseband signal, a match filter for converting the baseband signal into a digital signal including at least two samples, a channel estimator for buffering the samples, for analyzing multipath signals to predict a maximum power position and multipath energy, and for estimating a channel by selecting a multi-tap at the maximum power position through a slew control, an equalization controller for calculating an equalization tap gain using the multi-tap selected by the channel estimator, and an equalizer for compensating for distortion in the samples output by the channel estimator using the equalization tap gain calculated by the equalization controller.

Abstract: A system and a method for releasing quality of service (QoS) resources in a mobile communication network enable QoS resources allocated to a mobile terminal to be released, if, after the mobile terminal is allocated with resources for QoS through an Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) Revision A (rA) network to receive data serves, the mobile terminal escapes from the EVDO rA network without first performing a resource release request to the EVDO rA network. The system and method may be implemented in the mobile terminal, the access network, the text message server, or any combination thereof, for releasing the allocated QoS resources without requiring the mobile terminal to re-connect to the EVDO rA network.

Abstract: A channel estimation method and apparatus using a self-tracking algorithm is provided for improving channel estimation accuracy. The channel estimation apparatus of a mobile terminal includes a receiver for converting a received radio signal into a baseband signal, a match filter for converting the baseband signal into a digital signal including at least two samples, a channel estimator for buffering the samples, for analyzing multipath signals to predict a maximum power position and multipath energy, and for estimating a channel by selecting a multi-tap at the maximum power position through a slew control, an equalization controller for calculating an equalization tap gain using the multi-tap selected by the channel estimator, and an equalizer for compensating for distortion in the samples output by the channel estimator using the equalization tap gain calculated by the equalization controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating a Doppler frequency in a mobile terminal are provided. The method includes calculating two autocorrelation values for intervals of at least one sample from a channel estimation tap with a maximum power, and estimating a maximum Doppler frequency using the two autocorrelation values. The two autocorrelation values are autocorrelation values for intervals of different numbers of samples.

Abstract: A system and a method for releasing quality of service (QoS) resources in a mobile communication network enable QoS resources allocated to a mobile terminal to be released, if, after the mobile terminal is allocated with resources for QoS through an Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) Revision A (rA) network to receive data serves, the mobile terminal escapes from the EVDO rA network without first performing a resource release request to the EVDO rA network. The system and method may be implemented in the mobile terminal, the access network, the text message server, or any combination thereof, for releasing the allocated QoS resources without requiring the mobile terminal to re-connect to the EVDO rA network.

Abstract: A chip-mounted film package includes a base film, an effective film package defined on the base film by a cutting line, a driving chip mounted on the effective film package, a plurality of input pads arranged on an input area of the effective film package and connected to the driving chip, and a plurality of output pads arranged on an output area of the effective film package and connected to the driving chip, wherein the output area includes at least one extended portion that protrudes from a side of the effective film package in a horizontal direction of the base film.

Abstract: A caller information providing system and caller information transmitting method in a mobile radio communication network is disclosed. When a call comes in, the present invention provides a user at the terminating mobile station a picture information of a caller or caller information including a picture information, audio information, and/or character information of the caller.