Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an outdoor unit of an air conditioner configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit, a cooling unit applied thereto, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit. An outdoor unit of an air conditioner comprises a compressor configured to compress refrigerant; a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant discharged from the compressor; a control box provided with an electronic component configured to control an outdoor unit of an air conditioner; and a cooling unit configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit of the electronic component, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiating member having one side thereof make contact with the heating unit; and a refrigerant pipe extended by penetrating through the heat radiating member and in which refrigerant is moved.

Abstract: A Stackelberg game approach is used to describe a Demand-Response (DR) model for electricity trading between one utility company and multiple users, balancing supply and demand as well as smoothing an aggregated load in the power grid system. The interactions between the utility company and users are formulated into a 1-leader and N-follower Stackelberg game, where optimization problems are formed for each player to help select an optimal strategy. A pricing function is adopted for regulating real-time prices (RTP), and acts as a coordinator inducing users to join the game. An iterative algorithm is proposed to derive a Stackelberg equilibrium, through which optimal power generation and power demands are determined for the utility company and users, respectively.

Abstract: An incentive-based demand response (DR) method and system are provided from the view of a grid operator (GO) to enable system-level dispatch of DR resources. The method spans three hierarchical levels of a GO, multiple service providers (SPs), and corresponding customers. The GO first posts an incentive to SPs, who will then invoke sub-programs with enrolled customers to negotiate quantities of demand reduction via providing SP incentives. In view of the hierarchical decision-making structure, a two-loop Stackelberg game is proposed to capture interactions between different actors. The existence of a unique Stackelberg equilibrium that provides optimal system solutions is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in helping compensate system resource deficiency at minimum cost.

Abstract: The system and method of a real-time demand bidding for energy management in discrete manufacturing system calculate a first maximum profit and a first optimum machine operation schedule that indicates whether there is an operation of each machine of the discrete manufacturing system at a predetermined time interval in a state where there is no real-time demand bidding event from a utility company supplying electricity; calculate a second maximum profit and a second optimum machine operation schedule upon receiving the real-time demand bidding from the utility company; compare the first maximum profit with the second maximum profit, and when it is determined that the second maximum profit is larger than the first maximum profit, participate in the real-time demand bidding with an optimum load reducing amount; and operate each machine according to the second optimum machine operation schedule when the bidding is approved from the utility company.

Abstract: A sequential air sampler is provided having a rotatable carrier adapted to support filter cassettes received from a supply magazine at a load station, transport them to a sampling station where gas flow is directed through that cassette, and then be transported to an unload station to be received by a storage magazine. A Geneva driver operated by a single motor provides intermittent rotation to the carrier between fixed positions. A cam rotates in concert with the Geneva driver so that a follower in reciprocating motion pushes up and then pulls down a pair of plungers for simultaneous cassette loading and unloading whenever the carrier is at one of its fixed positions. Magazines have magnetically actuated stoppers to keep the stack of cassettes in place until released. Magazines may also have a retaining lid with a position-adjustable piston to secure cassettes for transport.

Abstract: The present invention relates to IFN-? fusion protein in which a cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are bonded to an IFN-? protein. The IFN-? fusion protein of the present invention is characterized in that the specific activity of interferon remains high, the half-life of the INF-? fusion protein is extended when delivered in vivo, and the mobility of the interferon in a liver is improved. The IFN-? fusion protein of the present invention can be used in the development of protein drugs effective in preventing or treating liver diseases, including various types of viral infections or the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an outdoor unit of an air conditioner configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit, a cooling unit applied thereto, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit. An outdoor unit of an air conditioner comprises a compressor configured to compress refrigerant; a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant discharged from the compressor; a control box provided with an electronic component configured to control an outdoor unit of an air conditioner; and a cooling unit configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit of the electronic component, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiating member having one side thereof make contact with the heating unit; and a refrigerant pipe extended by penetrating through the heat radiating member and in which refrigerant is moved.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of an air conditioner having an improved structure to efficiently cool a heating unit of electronic parts therein, a cooling unit applied to the outdoor unit, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit are provided. The outdoor unit of an air conditioner includes a case, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a condenser for condensing a refrigerant discharged from the compressor, electronic parts arranged in the case; and a cooling unit arranged to cool the electronic parts, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiation member arranged to receive and cool down heat produced from the electronic parts, and to come into contact with at least a part of a cooling pipe in which the refrigerant flows, and a plurality of heat transfer fins formed at least some part of the heat radiation member.

Abstract: A method and a system for managing power are provided. The method for managing power includes: calculating in-facility DERs based on price data; and modeling a task of a production process in an industrial facility so as to minimize an energy cost by reflecting the calculated in-facility DERs, and controls charging/discharging of an energy storage system and production electricity of an energy generation system, and selects an operating point of a schedulable task of the production process so as to minimize the energy cost according to a change in the price data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a smart grid system and a method for distributing resources in the system. The smart grid system according to the present invention comprises at least one non-shiftable device; at least one controllable device; and at least one shiftable device; wherein price data are provided at each stage, the non-shiftable device is always provided with its resource requirements, the controllable device is provide with resources in the range of its resource requirements, and the shiftable device has its nominal resource requirements but not allowed to be provided with resources at the stage when resource price is highest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rubber composite composition comprising aligned carbon nanotube bundles and to a production method for same. As compared with existing rubber composites comprising carbon nanotubes, the rubber composite according to the present invention has outstanding carbon nanotube dispersion properties, with uniform formation of same inside a butyl rubber matrix, and thus the invention has enhanced thermal conductivity and provides improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength and durability in spite of the enhanced thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A particulate mass measuring device of the beta attenuation type featuring a sheath air plenum from which a radial sheath airflow pathway extends which is in fluid communication with an ambient air chamber. The radial sheath airflow from the radial sheath airflow pathway merges with an axial ambient airflow from the ambient air chamber deflecting particulate matter from surfaces of the ambient air chamber thereby increasing the accuracy of particulate mass measurements. The radial sheath airflow is particle free or substantially particle free. In other embodiments, the radial sheath airflow is used to deflect particulate matter in other particulate mass measuring devices, such as those that measure particulate mass in liquid and gas samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to IFN-? fusion protein in which a cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are bonded to an IFN-? protein. The IFN-? fusion protein of the present invention is characterized in that the specific activity of interferon remains high, the half-life of the INF-? fusion protein is extended when delivered in vivo, and the mobility of the interferon in a liver is improved. The IFN-? fusion protein of the present invention can be used in the development of protein drugs effective in preventing or treating liver diseases, including various types of viral infections or the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method are provided. A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including liquid crystal molecules; a first electrode positioned on the first substrate; an insulating layer positioned on the first electrode; a second electrode positioned on the insulating layer; and a third electrode positioned on the second substrate, wherein the second electrode includes a plurality of branches and a slit between neighboring ones of the branches, and a width of the slit is more than about two times to less than about five times a width of its corresponding branches.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for allocating time slots to nodes without contention in a wireless network. The method for allotting time slots includes: receiveing a packet length and maximum allowable latencies of the nodes and converting them into data in symbol units; determining a beacon order so that a beacon interval representing a length of a superframe is smaller than or equal to a minimum value of the converted maximum allowable latencies; determining a superframe order so that the sum of a length of a beacon frame, a length of a contention access period, and a length of contention free period is smaller than a length of an active portion, based on the converted packet length; and allocating a guaranteed time slot without contention to each node according to an allocation priority order for the nodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a panel capable of driving a liquid crystal in stable manner and improving response speed of the liquid crystal of a liquid crystal display, and the panel according to the present invention may include: a substrate; a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed facing each other on the substrate; and a branch electrode extending from at least one of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method are provided. A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including liquid crystal molecules; a first electrode positioned on the first substrate; an insulating layer positioned on the first electrode; a second electrode positioned on the insulating layer; and a third electrode positioned on the second substrate, wherein the second electrode includes a plurality of branches and a slit between neighboring ones of the branches, and a width of the slit is more than about two times to less than about five times a width of its corresponding branches.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method are provided. A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including liquid crystal molecules; a first electrode positioned on the first substrate; an insulating layer positioned on the first electrode; a second electrode positioned on the insulating layer; and a third electrode positioned on the second substrate, wherein the second electrode includes a plurality of branches and a slit between neighboring ones of the branches, and a width of the slit is more than about two times to less than about five times a width of its corresponding branches.

Abstract: A display panel includes an array substrate comprising a first substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first substrate, and a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, the second electrode insulated from the first electrode and having a slit pattern, an opposite substrate facing the array substrate and comprising a second substrate, and a third electrode disposed on the second substrate, a voltage applied to the third electrode being different from a voltage applied to the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate, and including reactive monomer.

Abstract: A particulate mass measuring device of the beta attenuation type featuring a sheath air plenum from which a radial sheath airflow pathway extends which is in fluid communication with an ambient air chamber. The radial sheath airflow from the radial sheath airflow pathway merges with an axial ambient airflow from the ambient air chamber deflecting particulate matter from surfaces of the ambient air chamber thereby increasing the accuracy of particulate mass measurements. The radial sheath airflow is particle free or substantially particle free. In other embodiments, the radial sheath airflow is used to deflect particulate matter in other particulate mass measuring devices, such as those that measure particulate mass in liquid and gas samples.