Abstract: A base station is provided. The base station transmits multiple data in a first subframe, receives response signals corresponding to the multiple data, determines a ratio of negative acknowledge (NACK) signals to the response signals, and adjusts or maintains a contention window based on the determined ratio. The present disclosure relates to communication schemes for combining 5th-generation (5G) communication systems with internet of things (IoT) technology to support higher data transmission rate as post-4th-generation (post-4G) systems and systems for the same. The present disclosure may be used in intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, or connected car, health-care, digital education, retail business, security and safety-related services, etc.) based on the 5G communication technology and IoT-related techniques.

Abstract: Substrate cleaning equipment includes a substrate holder which supports a substrate, a swing body, a head, a first cleaning liquid supply structure, and a second cleaning liquid supply structure. The swing body moves along a sweep line on a main surface of the substrate. The head is coupled to the swing body and includes a pad attachment surface facing the substrate holder. The first cleaning liquid supply structure is coupled to the swing body and sprays a first cleaning liquid onto the main surface of the substrate. The second cleaning liquid supply structure sprays a second cleaning liquid onto the main surface of the substrate. A buffing pad is attached to the pad attachment surface.

Abstract: An automatic opening and closing device for a fuel inlet of a vehicle may include a cap cover mounted at the fuel inlet of the vehicle, a fuel cap pivotably mounted at the cap cover and configured to selectively open or close the fuel inlet by being pivoted inside the fuel inlet, and a fuel cap operating mechanism mounted in the fuel inlet and configured, when the fuel door is closed, to pivot the fuel cap by being pressed by the fuel door to close the fuel inlet, and, when the fuel door is opened, pivot the fuel cap to open the fuel inlet according to release of pressing by the fuel door.

Abstract: A full charge notification device of a urea water tank for a vehicle is provided. The device is configured to generate a predetermined sound when urea water is normally injected into the urea water tank before a full state, to provide a notification to a user of a full state of the urea water tank through non-generation of the sound.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a communication technique for merging, with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a 5th-generation (5G) communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4th-generation (4G) system; and a system therefor. The disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retailing, security and safety related services) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT related technology.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a sensor region for receiving light and generating an image data and a pad region adjacent to the sensor region, an insulation layer on the substrate, and a lower transparent electrode on the insulation layer in the sensor region, and an etch stop layer on the insulation layer in the sensor region and pad region. The etch stop layer may include silicon nitride. A height of an uppermost surface of the lower transparent electrode may be substantially equal to a height of an upper surface of the etch stop layer, with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate including a first region and a second region; an interlayer insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate, the interlayer insulating layer including a first opening on the first region and having a first width; and a second opening on the second region and having a second width, the second width being greater than the first width; at least one first metal pattern filling the first opening; a second metal pattern in the second opening; and a filling pattern on the second metal pattern in the second opening, wherein the at least one first metal pattern and the second metal pattern each include a same first metal material, and the filling pattern is formed of a non-metal material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G communication system such as LTE. To this end, a base station using a large-scale antenna transmits, to a terminal, reference signal resource configuration information including multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and reference signal port information, for transmission of a reference signal, and transmits the reference signal to the terminal using some or all of channel measurement resources indicated by the multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and the reference signal port information included in the reference signal resource configuration information. In this case, the channel measurement resources may correspond to antenna ports, the number of which is indicated by a combination of the multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and the reference signal port information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G communication system such as LTE. To this end, a base station using a large-scale antenna transmits, to a terminal, reference signal resource configuration information including multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and reference signal port information, for transmission of a reference signal, and transmits the reference signal to the terminal using some or all of channel measurement resources indicated by the multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and the reference signal port information included in the reference signal resource configuration information. In this case, the channel measurement resources may correspond to antenna ports, the number of which is indicated by a combination of the multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and the reference signal port information.

Abstract: A base station is provided. The base station transmits multiple data in a first subframe, receives response signals corresponding to the multiple data, determines a ratio of negative acknowledge (NACK) signals to the response signals, and adjusts or maintains a contention window based on the determined ratio. The present disclosure relates to communication schemes for combining 5th-generation (5G) communication systems with internet of things (IoT) technology to support higher data transmission rate as post-4th-generation (post-4G) systems and systems for the same. The present disclosure may be used in intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, or connected car, health-care, digital education, retail business, security and safety-related services, etc.) based on the 5G communication technology and IoT-related techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed in one embodiment is a downlink control channel decoding method of a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of: receiving setting information on a first resource and a second resource; blind-decoding reception signals on PDCCH resource candidates within the first resource determined by the setting information, so as to search for a PDCCH of the first resource; and blind-decoding reception signals on PDCCH resource candidates within the second resource determined by the setting information, and by blind-decoding, among the resource candidates, the remaining one or more resource candidates excluding one or more resource candidates, which include a resource area overlapping with the PDCCH having been searched for, so as to search for a PDCCH of the second resource. Therefore, since the number of PDCCH resource candidates required for blind-decoding is adjusted on the basis of an overlapping resource area, power consumption of a terminal can be reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G communication system such as LTE. To this end, a base station using a large-scale antenna transmits, to a terminal, reference signal resource configuration information including multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and reference signal port information, for transmission of a reference signal, and transmits the reference signal to the terminal using some or all of channel measurement resources indicated by the multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and the reference signal port information included in the reference signal resource configuration information. In this case, the channel measurement resources may correspond to antenna ports, the number of which is indicated by a combination of the multiple pieces of reference signal configuration information and the reference signal port information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. An Uplink (UL) grant is received from a Node B. Information included in the UL grant is identified. If the information is mapped to at least one DownLink (DL) Component Carrier (CC) based on configuration information relating to at least one set including the at least one DL CC, at least one CSI corresponding to the at least one DL CC is generated. The generated at least one CSI is transmitted to the Node B.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a user equipment (UE) for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless communication system. The UE receives first time division duplex (TDD) uplink-downlink configuration information for a first cell and second TDD uplink-downlink configuration information for a second cell, determines whether a subframe in the first cell is a special subframe and the subframe in the second cell is a downlink subframe according to the first and second TDD uplink-downlink configuration information, and determine, if the subframe in the first cell is the special subframe and the subframe in the second cell is the downlink subframe, not to receive a signal on the second cell in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols that overlaps with at least one of a guard period (GP) or uplink pilot time slot in the first cell.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided in a wireless communication system in which DCI is received from a base station and includes a subband indicator indicating a subband among at least one subband configured for the terminal as an active subband and information indicating at least one frequency resource allocated for a PDSCH within the active subband. The active subband is identified based on the subband indicator. The PDSCH is received from the base station in the active subband based on the information. A size of the DCI is configured based on a size of the active subband.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided in a wireless communication system in which configuration information for at least one subband for the terminal is received from a base station via higher layer signaling. Information indicating an active subband among the at least one subband is received from the base station. The active subband is identified based on the information. Control information or data is received from the base station in the active subband, The at least one subband is within a downlink transmission bandwidth.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a via including a first conductive material on an inner wall of a trench on a substrate. The method further includes forming a first insulating interlayer on the substrate. The first insulating interlayer covers the via and partially fills the trench, and the first insulating interlayer has a non-flat upper surface. The method further includes forming a polishing stop layer on the first insulating interlayer, forming a second insulating interlayer on the polishing stop layer, in which the second insulating interlayer fills a remaining portion of the trench, planarizing the second insulating interlayer until the polishing stop layer is exposed, and etching the polishing stop layer and the first and second insulating interlayers using a dry etching process until remaining portions of the polishing stop layer except for a portion of the polishing stop layer in the trench are removed.

Abstract: A method for transmitting control information by a base station in a communication system using a plurality of serving cells comprises transmitting is provided. The method includes a terminal, an identifier of a second serving cell identifying where control information regarding a first serving cell is transmitted, transmitting, to the terminal, a predetermined value of a carrier identifier used in the second serving cell, and transmitting the control information regarding the first serving cell including the carrier identifier having the predetermined value through the second serving cell.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a gate electrode structure on a first region of a substrate including the first region and a second region, a capping structure covering an upper surface of the gate electrode structure, the capping structure including a capping pattern and a first etch stop pattern covering a lower surface and a sidewall of the capping pattern, an alignment key on the second region of the substrate, the alignment key including an insulating material, and a filling structure on the second region of the substrate, the filling structure covering a sidewall of the alignment key, and including a first filling pattern, a second filling pattern covering a lower surface and a sidewall of the first filling pattern and a second etch stop pattern covering a lower surface and a sidewall of the second filling pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 5G or a pre-5G communication system provided to support a higher data transmission rate than a 4G communication system such as LTE. A method and an apparatus are provided for transmitting and receiving a downlink control channel in a wireless communication system. The method includes transmitting, on a first resource region, a detection signal indicating that a downlink control channel is transmitted; and transmitting a signal of the downlink control channel on a search space related to the first resource region.