Abstract: A battery module ac includes a cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are vertically stacked; a module housing including a base plate supporting the cell stack, and a pair of side plates covering both side portions of the cell stack and each including a spark direction changing portion formed by bending an end portion of the side plate in a longitudinal direction of the side plate toward the cell stack; and a bus bar frame assembly covering an opening portion formed on a side of the module housing in a longitudinal direction of the module housing, the bus bar frame assembly including a bus bar frame coupled to a side of the cells tack in a longitudinal direction of the cell stack and a bus bar located on the bus bar frame and coupled to an electrode lead of the battery cell.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a sub-pack including a plurality of battery modules that are located adjacent to one another; a duct coupled to a side of the sub-pack in a width direction of the sub-pack; and a duct cover covering a duct opening portion formed on a side of the duct in a longitudinal direction of the duct, the duct cover including a filter having a mesh structure.

Abstract: A battery module includes a cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are vertically stacked; a module housing including a base plate supporting the cell stack and a pair of side plates covering both side portions of the cell stack; a bus bar frame assembly covering an opening portion formed on a side of the module housing in a longitudinal direction of the module housing; and a plurality of spark delay portions protruding from an inner surface of each of the pair of side plates and spaced apart from one another in a height direction of the side plate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for modulation of a variable binary offset carrier (VBOC) having a discrete time-variant frequency and a satellite navigation signal generator using the same. The method for modulation of a VBOC having a discrete time-variant frequency may comprise: generating navigation message data; generating a carrier; generating a VBOC subcarrier; generating a pseudo-random code; synthesizing the pseudo code and the VBOC subcarrier; and synthesizing a synthesized signal of the pseudo code and the VBOC subcarrier, the carrier, and the navigation message data.

Abstract: A computing device determines a bandwidth parameter value for outlier detection or data classification. A mean pairwise distance value is computed between observation vectors. A tolerance value is computed based on a number of observation vectors. A scaling factor value is computed based on a number of observation vectors and the tolerance value. A Gaussian bandwidth parameter value is computed using the mean pairwise distance value and the scaling factor value. An optimal value of an objective function is computed that includes a Gaussian kernel function that uses the computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value. The objective function defines a support vector data description model using the observation vectors to define a set of support vectors. The Gaussian bandwidth parameter value and the set of support vectors are output for determining if a new observation vector is an outlier or for classifying the new observation vector.

Abstract: A computing device determines a bandwidth parameter value for outlier detection or data classification. A mean pairwise distance value is computed between observation vectors. A tolerance value is computed based on a number of observation vectors. A scaling factor value is computed based on a number of observation vectors and the tolerance value. A Gaussian bandwidth parameter value is computed using the mean pairwise distance value and the scaling factor value. An optimal value of an objective function is computed that includes a Gaussian kernel function that uses the computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value. The objective function defines a support vector data description model using the observation vectors to define a set of support vectors. The Gaussian bandwidth parameter value and the set of support vectors are output for determining if a new observation vector is an outlier or for classifying the new observation vector.

Abstract: A computing device employs machine learning and determines a bandwidth parameter value for a support vector data description (SVDD). A mean pairwise distance value is computed between observation vectors. A scaling factor value is computed based on a number of the plurality of observation vectors and a predefined tolerance value. A Gaussian bandwidth parameter value is computed using the computed mean pairwise distance value and the computed scaling factor value. An optimal value of an objective function is computed that includes a Gaussian kernel function that uses the computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value. The objective function defines a SVDD model using the plurality of observation vectors to define a set of support vectors. The computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value and the defined a set of support vectors are output for determining if a new observation vector is an outlier.

Abstract: A signal processing method for ultra-fast acquisition and tracking of severely attenuated spread spectrum signals with Doppler frequency and apparatus thereof are disclosed herein. The signal processing method may include a step of searching for at least one receiving signal from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning signals or Spread Spectrum signals in a signal processing device, wherein the step of searching for at least one received signal includes a sparse Doppler frequency search (SDFS) step performing signal search for respective sparse Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a first interval, and a synthesized Doppler frequency testing (SDFT) step performing signal search for respective synthesized Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a second interval between the sparse Doppler frequencies, the second interval being shorter than the first interval.

Abstract: A computing device determines an SVDD to identify an outlier in a dataset. First and second sets of observation vectors of a predefined sample size are randomly selected from a training dataset. First and second optimal values are computed using the first and second observation vectors to define a first set of support vectors and a second set of support vectors. A third optimal value is computed using the first set of support vectors updated to include the second set of support vectors to define a third set of support vectors. Whether or not a stop condition is satisfied is determined by comparing a computed value to a stop criterion. When the stop condition is not satisfied, the first set of support vectors is defined as the third set of support vectors, and operations are repeated until the stop condition is satisfied. The third set of support vectors is output.

Abstract: A computing device determines an SVDD to identify an outlier in a dataset. First and second sets of observation vectors of a predefined sample size are randomly selected from a training dataset. First and second optimal values are computed using the first and second observation vectors to define a first set of support vectors and a second set of support vectors. A third optimal value is computed using the first set of support vectors updated to include the second set of support vectors to define a third set of support vectors. Whether or not a stop condition is satisfied is determined by comparing a computed value to a stop criterion. When the stop condition is not satisfied, the first set of support vectors is defined as the third set of support vectors, and operations are repeated until the stop condition is satisfied. The third set of support vectors is output.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium is configured to determine a support vector data description (SVDD). For each of a plurality of values for a kernel parameter, an optimal value of an objective function defined for an SVDD model using a kernel function, a read plurality of data points, and a respective value for the kernel parameter is computed to define a plurality of sets of support vectors. A plurality of first derivative values are computed for the objective function as a difference between the computed optimal values associated with successive values for the kernel parameter. A plurality of second derivative values are computed for the objective function as a difference between the computed plurality of first derivative values associated with successive values for the kernel parameter. A kernel parameter value is selected where the computed plurality of second derivative values first exceeds zero.

Abstract: A signal processing method for ultra-fast acquisition and tracking of severely attenuated spread spectrum signals with Doppler frequency and apparatus thereof are disclosed herein. The signal processing method may include a step of searching for at least one receiving signal from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning signals or Spread Spectrum signals in a signal processing device, wherein the step of searching for at least one received signal includes a sparse Doppler frequency search (SDFS) step performing signal search for respective sparse Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a first interval, and a synthesized Doppler frequency testing (SDFT) step performing signal search for respective synthesized Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a second interval between the sparse Doppler frequencies, the second interval being shorter than the first interval.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for use in wireless networks to provide and/or otherwise support peer-to-peer positioning operations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for use in wireless networks to provide and/or otherwise support peer-to-peer positioning operations.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for frequency and/or timing synchronization of a small base station with a network. In one example, small base station may be configured to detect a macro signal of a macro base station, and set a frequency reference based at least in part on the macro signal, in response to the macro signal being available in a different band than that for the small base station. The small base station may be configured to set the frequency reference based at least in part on a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal, in response to detecting that the different band macro signal is not available.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided which may be adapted for use in and/or with mobile device positioning systems and/or the like. In an example, a method may include accessing a plurality of measurements associated with a plurality of location signals as received by the mobile device from at least a first portion of a plurality of transmitters. The method may include dynamically establishing at least one location signal transmission parameter based, at least in part, on the plurality of measurements. The location signal transmission parameter(s) may be adapted for use by at least a second portion of the plurality of transmitters to operatively initiate subsequent transmission of an additional plurality of location signals adapted to be received by the mobile device.

Abstract: Mobile station positioning is implemented using various methods and devices. According to one example embodiment of the present invention, an azimuth angle estimation of the location of a mobile station is accomplished using a radio-signal processing apparatus. The azimuth angle is estimated with respect to a nearby base station that covers a service area using common sectorization via multiple directional antennas respectively transmitting at different azimuth angles. The apparatus has a memory for storing information that associates directional sector antennas of the nearby base station and expected antenna radiation gains in the common sectorization service area corresponding to locations relative to the nearby base station.

Abstract: Techniques are provided which may be implemented in various methods and apparatuses to allow an electronic device to determine when it transitions between certain environments which may be perceived, for example, from observations associated with wireless signals transmitted by a wireless communication network. In response to an environment transition determination, the techniques further allow for one or more positioning functions to be operatively affected in some manner.

Abstract: A spread-spectrum signal receiver, a multipath signal super-resolution method thereof, and a recording medium thereof are disclosed. Using a least-squares based iterative multipath super-resolution (LIMS) algorithm, the spread-spectrum signal receiver accurately resolves multipath signals in a multipath channel environment so as to extract necessary information such that a rake receiver tracks the multipath signals more accurately. Since the LIMS technique has high resistance against noise and require less computation, it may be used to resolve the multipath signals in real time and to extract a first arrival path signal of a first arrival signal and may be easily implemented offline.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for acquiring an ultra-fast global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) initial position with peer assistance are disclosed. The apparatus includes a communication unit configured to receive assistance generated using a distance from a master terminal to a slave terminal and frequency error of a counterpart's terminal, a communication signal system configured to immediately receive immediately necessary information of the assistance, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver configured to rapidly search for a GPS satellite signal using the assistance and continuously track the GPS satellite signal so as to extract a pseudorange, and a computation processor configured to compute the position of the slave terminal using the assistance and the pseudorange.