Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating method. The substrate treating method includes supplying a liquid to a substrate; and heating the substrate after the supplying the liquid, and wherein the supplying the liquid includes: supplying a first liquid to the substrate; and supplying a second liquid which is different from the first liquid to a substrate to which the first liquid is supplied, and wherein the second liquid is supplied as a test to the substrate and a contact angle between the second liquid which is supplied and the substrate is measured to determine a degree of hydrophilization of the substrate, and a supply mechanism of the second liquid supplied to the substrate is determined based on the degree of hydrophilization of the substrate which is determined, before the supplying the second liquid is performed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of preparing a polymer, which includes: adding an alkyl-substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer and a vinyl cyanide-based monomer to a reactor and initiating polymerization; and performing polymerization while continuously adding an alkyl-substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer and a multifunctional initiator to the reactor, wherein the continuous addition of the alkyl-substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer and the multifunctional initiator is initiated when a polymerization conversion rate is 10 to 30%, and the continuous addition of the alkyl-substituted aromatic vinyl-based monomer and the multifunctional initiator is terminated when a polymerization conversion rate is 70 to 80%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a filter water spout attached to a basin faucet that comprises: a connection nozzle screwed to a washbasin faucet outlet and extending a vertical connection tube downward; an elbow pipe in which a vertical receiving pipe is formed in a vertical direction and a horizontal receiving pipe is formed in a horizontal direction; a nozzle body having a horizontal connection tube formed on the side and having an open top; a nozzle cap coupled to an upper portion of the nozzle body; a horizontal rotation member for allowing the vertical connection tube of the connection nozzle to be rotatably coupled to the vertical receiving pipe of the elbow pipe; and a vertical rotation member for allowing the horizontal connection tube of the nozzle body to be rotatably coupled to the horizontal receiving pipe of the elbow pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a three-dimensional reconstructing method of a 2D medical image. A three-dimensional reconstructing device includes: a communicator for receiving sequential 2D images with an arbitrary slice gap; a sliced image generator for generating at least one sliced image positioned between the 2D images based on a feature point of the adjacent 2D images; and a controller for reconstructing the 2D image into a 3D image by use of the generated sliced image and providing the 3D image.

Abstract: A cooling member located in an upper part of a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked includes an upper plate, a lower plate, and a coolant incorporated in an inner space between the upper plate and the lower plate. The lower plate includes a first part in which a fragile part is formed, and a second part in which the fragile part is not formed. A thickness value of the first part is smaller than a thickness value of the second part.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of generating a map using an aviation LiDAR for effectively generating a 3D map using point cloud data acquired from the LiDAR installed in an aviation device. The method includes the steps of: receiving, by a map generation unit, point cloud data acquired from a LiDAR installed in an aviation device; projecting, by the map generation unit, a top-view of the received point cloud data; and generating a map, by the map generation unit, by scanning the projected point cloud data in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses systems and methods of calculating a near-maximum likelihood detection (MLD) performance capability signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) according to instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable memory that when executed by a processor of a multiple-input, multiple output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless communications receiver device cause the processor to perform operations including the processor acquiring Hi and noise variance ?n2 for each subcarrier of a set of subcarriers between a MIMO-OFDM wireless communications transmitter device and the wireless communications receiver device, computing an average received bit mutual information rate (RBIR) over all subcarriers, converting the average RBIR to an effective SINR; and selecting a modulation coding scheme (MCS).

Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus including a memory configured to store instructions and a processor electrically connected to the memory and configured to execute the instructions, wherein the processor may be configured to perform a plurality of operations, when the instructions are executed by the processor, wherein the plurality of operations may include obtaining an input audio signal, generating an embedded audio signal by embedding signal components of a second frequency band of the input audio signal in a first frequency band of the input audio signal, generating additional information associated with the first frequency band and the second frequency band, generating an encoded audio signal by encoding the embedded audio signal, and formatting the encoded audio signal and the additional information into a bitstream.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material including a first lithium composite oxide particle including a secondary particle formed by aggregation of one or more primary particles, and a coating oxide occupying at least a part of at least one of surfaces of the secondary particle, grain boundaries between the primary particles, or surfaces of the primary particles, the positive electrode active material satisfying an equation of 1.3?a/b?3.0, wherein a represents a max peak intensity at 2theta=44.75° to 44.80° and b represents a max peak intensity at 2theta=45.3° to 45.6° in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using Cu K? radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acellular skin substitute for breast reconstruction and a preparation method therefor. In the present invention, an acellular skin substitute may be prepared through the removal of epidermal layers and an acellularization process, in which the use of a proteolytic enzyme and a surfactant is excluded. In addition, since the acellular skin substitute is cut into suitable sizes and shapes to cover a breast reconstruction implant through design software and then cut out with a CNC machine, the time for breast reconstruction surgery may be reduced, and since no dead space is formed after suturing, the incidence of seromas may be reduced. Accordingly, the side effects of surgery may be lessened.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor monomer having an E value of 2.0 or more calculated by Equation 1 is selected among polyimide raw materials. A polyimide includes a structural unit derived from the polyimide precursor monomer having the E value of 2.0 or more. Optical properties of a polyimide film formed from the polyimide can be improved, and the optical properties of a polyimide film can be predicted from the E value of the polyimide precursor monomer even before production of the polyimide film.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, electronic systems including the same, and methods of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device comprises a first gate stack structure including a first dielectric pattern and a first conductive pattern that are alternately stacked with each other, a memory channel structure including a first memory portion that penetrates the first gate stack structure, a through contact including a first through portion at a level the same as a level of the first memory portion, and a connection contact including a first connection portion at a level the same as the level of the first memory portion and the level of the first through portion. A minimum width of the first memory portion is less than a minimum width of the first through portion and a minimum width of the first connection portion.

Abstract: A vehicular air-conditioning apparatus includes a photocatalytic module in which light is radiated on a photocatalytic filter to sterilize the photocatalytic filter. In particular, vehicular air-conditioning apparatus incudes: a duct to allow conditioned air to flow therethrough; the photocatalytic filter mounted in the duct and coated with a photocatalytic material to remove harmful substances in reaction to light energy; and a rotation unit rotatably mounted in the duct. In particular, the rotation unit is provided with a light source to radiate light toward the photocatalytic filter. When the rotation unit is rotated, a position of the light source is changed in a rotational direction of the rotation unit such that the light is radiated on the photocatalytic filter over an increased range. Thus, a filter sterilization effect is improved over the entire area of the photocatalytic filter with reduced number of light sources.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a polymerizable composition and an optical material produced therefrom which has excellent lightfastness and minimized color defects, and more specifically, the polymerizable composition according to one embodiment includes UV absorbers having, as the main absorption wavelength, either a long-wavelength region or a short-Wavelength region Within the UV region, wherein the UV absorbers do not absorb in the Visible light region. Accordingly, the polymerizable composition may be used to provide an optical material having excellent lightfastness and minimized color defects.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: setting a second parameter in a second frame based on a first puncturing pattern indicated by a first parameter in a first frame for a basic service set (BSS) set up by an access point (AP); and transmitting, to a receiver, the second frame, wherein the first puncturing pattern is one of a plurality of puncturing patterns pre-determined for a third parameter in a third frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an isolated anti-FcRN antibody, which is an antibody binding to FcRN (stands for neonatal Fc receptor, also called FcRP, FcRB or Brambell receptor) that is a receptor with a high affinity for IgG or a fragment thereof, a method of preparing thereof, a composition for treating autoimmune disease, which comprises the antibody, and a method of treating and diagnosing autoimmunre diseases using the antibody. The FcRn-specific antibody according to the present disclosure binds to FcRn non-competitively with IgG to reduce serum pathogenic auto-antibody levels, and thus can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for extracting a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 from ginseng, including anaerobic natural fermentation of ginseng, an anaerobic-naturally fermented ginseng extract including the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 extracted by the method, and a method of enhancing the skin barrier including applying a composition including an effective amount of the anaerobic-naturally fermented ginseng extract. In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: One or more embodiments provides a mask assembly including a frame defining an opening, a mask stick above the frame, extending in a first direction, defining through-holes, and including pattern areas that include one or more first non-hole portions in which no through-hole exists, and one or more second non-hole portions in which no through-hole exists, and a first support stick between the frame and the mask stick, extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and overlapping the one or more second non-hole portions.

Abstract: Provided an electronic device including a main body and a kit connected to the main body, and the main body includes a battery, a first motor, an electric wire connected to the battery, and a first controller connected to the electric wire, the kit includes a second motor supplied with power through the electric wire, an inverter connected to the second motor, and a second controller connected to the electric wire and configured to control driving of the inverter, and the second controller is configured to transmit information to the first controller through switching frequency control of the inverter and control a switching frequency of the inverter so that a current associated with the second motor is greater than zero in a section in which transmission of the information is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium complex oxide and method of manufacturing the same, more particularly, a lithium complex oxide effective in improving the characteristics of capacity, resistance, and lifetime with reduced residual lithium and with different interplanar distances of crystalline structure between a primary particle locating in a internal part of secondary particle and a primary particle locating on the surface part of the secondary particle, and a method of preparing the same.