Abstract: A catalyst formulation for an organic fuel cell includes a noble metal and an admetal. The catalyst formulation can include a noble metal and an admetal in a heterogeneous mixture or a solid solution with up to about 90% degree of alloying. The admetal can encourage the oxidation of catalyst poisons at room temperature and therefore reduces the exhaustion of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A composite proton exchange membrane includes first and second outer proton exchange membrane layers each having an exterior peripheral portion. An inner proton exchange membrane layer is interposed between the first and second outer membrane layers. The inner membrane layer has an exterior peripheral portion encompassed within each of the outer membrane layer peripheral portions. A substantially fluid-impermeable edge bonding film is interposed between the first and second outer membrane layers. The edge bonding film circumscribes the inner membrane layer peripheral portion and is disposed within each of the outer membrane layer peripheral portions. The edge bonding film cooperates with the first and second outer membrane layers to encapsulate the inner layer.

Abstract: A catalyst formulation for an organic fuel cell, for example a formic acid fuel cell, includes a metal oxide and a noble metal. The catalyst formulation can include a noble metal supported on a metal oxide. The metal oxide can store and release catalyst poisons at room temperature and therefore reduces the exhaustion of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A direct organic liquid feed unit fuel cell comprises an anode current collector, a cathode current collector, a membrane electrode assembly, and a fuel delivery layer for diluting a concentrated fuel stream and delivering the fuel stream to the anode at a uniform concentration across the planar extent of the anode, independently of the orientation of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A composite proton exchange membrane includes first and second outer proton exchange membrane layers each having an exterior peripheral portion. An inner proton exchange membrane layer is interposed between the first and second outer membrane layers. The inner membrane layer has an exterior peripheral portion encompassed within each of the outer membrane layer peripheral portions. A substantially fluid-impermeable edge bonding film is interposed between the first and second outer membrane layers. The edge bonding film circumscribes the inner membrane layer peripheral portion and is disposed within each of the outer membrane layer peripheral portions. The edge bonding film cooperates with the first and second outer membrane layers to encapsulate the inner layer.