Abstract: Galvanic electrochemical cells (100, 300, 700, 900) for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, such as batteries, flow cells and fuel cells with a cylindrical rotating filter (120X, 326, 726, 910) having ion-porous (120P, 326P, 726P, 910P) and ion-non-porous filter (120N, 326N, 726N, 910N) for use with both thixotropic and non-conducting electrolytes that generates fluid flows in electrolytes between static cylindrical current collector segments (106, 304X, 306X, 710X, 902X; 108, 314X, 316X, 712X, 906) and the filter (120, 326, 726, 910) are disclosed that generate electric currents varying in amplitude that can be converted into alternating current electricity.

Abstract: Galvanic electrochemical cells (100, 300, 700, 900) for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, such as batteries, flow cells and fuel cells with a cylindrical rotating filter (120X, 326, 726, 910) having ion-porous (120P, 326P, 726P, 910P) and ion-non-porous filter (120N, 326N, 726N, 910N) for use with both thixotropic and non-conducting electrolytes that generates fluid flows in electrolytes between static cylindrical current collector segments (106, 304X, 306X, 710X, 902X; 108, 314X, 316X, 712X, 906) and the filter (120, 326, 726, 910) are disclosed that generate electric currents varying in amplitude that can be converted into alternating current electricity.

Abstract: A system is provided for producing a high contrast image of features of an optical component. In the system of the present invention, light is focused through the optical component prior to reaching the detector of an image sensing means. In addition, a novel cuvette is provided for holding and locating an optical component in position during inspection. The cuvette comprises a bottom portion having a concave curved inner surface for utilizing the force of gravity to hold an optical component in place.

Abstract: A system for measuring properties of an optical component, such as a progressive, multifocal ophthalmic spectacle lens comprises a design having a set of concentric circles, means for recording images of the design directly and through the optical component in a computer memory, means for superimposing the images to form a moiré-effect pattern and a method for analyzing the pattern to measure a property (e.g., powers) of the optical component that includes a comparison of a portion of the pattern generated with the component with a portion of a pattern generated by a master component.

Abstract: A system for measuring properties of an optical component, such as a progressive, multifocal ophthalmic spectacle lens comprises a design having a set of concentric circles, means for recording images of the design directly and through the optical component in a computer memory, means for superimposing the images to form a moiré-effect pattern and a method for analyzing the pattern to measure a property (e.g., powers) of the optical component that includes a comparison of a portion of the pattern generated with the component with a portion of a pattern generated by a master component.

Abstract: A system is provided for producing a high contrast image of features of an optical component. In the system of the present invention, light is focused through the optical component prior to reaching the detector of an image sensing means.

Abstract: A system is provided for producing a high contrast image of features of an optical component. In the system of the present invention, light is focused through the optical component prior to reaching the detector of an image sensing means. In addition, a novel cuvette is provided for holding and locating an optical component in position during inspection. The cuvette comprises a bottom portion having a concave curved inner surface for utilizing the force of gravity to hold an optical component in place.

Abstract: A particle analyzer having a low impedance low voltage d.c. source series connected to a scanner and the parallel combination of a d.c. short-circuiting device and a high input impedance, voltage sensitive signal detector. A d.c. current flowing in the scanning ambit is modulated by the passage of particles therein. The detection of particles is unaffected by long term changes in the conductivity of the fluid medium which carries the particles within the scanning ambit, since the d.c. current then flowing in the scanning ambit is caused to be deliberately variable and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the fluid medium.

Abstract: The specification describes a molten carbonate fuel cell electric energy source incorporating a novel pair of electrodes comprising a pair of permeable thin metallic films painted on a magnesia electrolyte matrix and a plurality of fiber metal wicks flocked onto the films. During operation, the molten carbonate electrolyte permeates the wicks, which extend into the gas manifolds, to provide very large surface areas for three-phase fuel cell reactions covered by thin films of electrolyte supplied by large reservoirs in the wicks to minimize cell overvoltage.In addition to the preferred embodiment, a process for fabricating fuel cells and electrochemical electrodes is described. Also, applications to other types of fuel cells, batteries and electrochemical systems are described.