Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes an operative memory device coupled to a bit-line. The operative memory device is configured to store a data state. A regulating access apparatus is coupled between the operative MTJ device and a first word-line. The regulating access apparatus includes one or more regulating MTJ devices that are configured to control a current provided to the operative memory device. The one or more regulating MTJ devices respectively include a free layer, a dielectric barrier layer on the free layer, and a pinned layer separated from the free layer by the dielectric barrier layer. The pinned layer covers a center of a surface of the dielectric barrier layer that faces the pinned layer.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device includes a substrate, a plurality of color filters disposed on the substrate, an optical film disposed on the plurality of color filter, and a defect disposed between the substrate and the optical film. The optical film has a first base, a protective layer on the first base, and a second base between the first base and the protective layer and having a first processed area. In a top view of the electronic device, the first processed area corresponds to the defect and at least partially overlaps at least two color filters.

Abstract: An optical fiber network device includes a fiber and a photonic integrated circuit. Fiber receives a first optical signal and transmits a second optical signal. A first wavelength of first optical signal is different from a second wavelength of second optical signal. Photonic integrated circuit includes a laser chip, a photodetector, a wavelength division multiplexing coupler, a first optical modulation element and a second optical modulation element. Laser chip is disposed on photonic integrated circuit, and is configured to generate first optical signal. Photodetector detects second optical signal. Wavelength division multiplexing coupler is configured to couple first optical signal to fiber, and receives second optical signal. First optical modulation element is coupled to wavelength division multiplexing coupler and laser chip, and is configured to modulate first optical signal.

Abstract: An optical fiber transmission device includes a substrate, a photonic integrated circuit, and an optical fiber assembly. The photonic integrated circuit is disposed on an area of the substrate. The substrate has a protruding structure at an interface with an edge of the photonic integrated circuit. The optical fiber assembly includes an optical fiber and a ferrule that sleeves the optical fiber. The protruding structure of the substrate is configured to abut against the ferrule to limit the position of the optical fiber assembly in a vertical direction of the substrate, such that the protruding structure is a stopper for the optical fiber assembly in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A filter module and a projection apparatus are provided. The filter module includes a filter layer and a diffusion layer. The filter layer includes a first filter region and a second filter region, which respectively allow light having a first waveband and light having a second waveband to pass through. The diffusion layer is disposed on a side of the filter module opposite to the filter layer and includes a first diffusion portion with a first haze value and a second diffusion portion with a second haze value. The first diffusion portion is disposed corresponding to the first filter region and allows the light having the first waveband to pass through. The second diffusion portion is disposed corresponding to the second filter region and allows the light having the second waveband to pass through. The first haze value is different from the second haze value.

Abstract: An illumination system including an excitation light source, a wavelength converting element, and a region-based light splitter is provided. The excitation light source provides an excitation beam. The wavelength converting element is disposed on a transmission path of the excitation beam to convert the excitation beam into an excited beam. The region-based light splitter is disposed on the transmission path of the excitation beam and includes at least one first region and at least one second region. The first region reflects the excitation beam and allows the excited beam to pass through. The second region allows the excitation beam and the excited beam to pass through. The excitation beam reflected by the region-based light splitter is transmitted toward the wavelength converting element. A projection apparatus including the illumination system is also provided.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device are provided. The illumination system includes a laser light source, a light splitting element, a wavelength conversion module, a filter module, and a homogenizing element. The laser light source provides a laser beam to the light splitting element. The filter module rotates around a rotation axis and has multiple dichroic filter regions on a surface perpendicular to the rotation axis. The filter module receives the laser beam from the light splitting element, and an acute angle is formed between the rotation axis and a direction in which the laser beam enters the filter module. The homogenizing element is located on a transmission path of the laser beam penetrating the filter module, and the laser beam enters the homogenizing element along a long axis direction of the homogenizing element.

Abstract: An illumination system for providing an illumination light beam is provided, which includes a light-source module, a scattering element and a light uniforming element. The light-source module emits an illumination light beam. The scattering element is between the light-source module and the light uniforming element, and has multiple scattering areas with different haze values. A haze value of a first scattering area that is close to a center of the scattering element is greater than a haze value of a second scattering area that is remote from the center. A projection device is also provided. A scattering element of the invention has multiple scattering areas with different haze values, and a haze value of one that is close to a center of the scattering element is greater than a haze value of the other that is remote from the center, thereby increasing light energy utilization.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device are provided. The illumination system includes a laser light source, a light splitting element, a wavelength conversion module, a filter module, and a homogenizing element. The laser light source provides a laser beam to the light splitting element. The filter module rotates around a rotation axis and has multiple dichroic filter regions on a surface perpendicular to the rotation axis. The filter module receives the laser beam from the light splitting element, and an acute angle is formed between the rotation axis and a direction in which the laser beam enters the filter module. The homogenizing element is located on a transmission path of the laser beam penetrating the filter module, and the laser beam enters the homogenizing element along a long axis direction of the homogenizing element.

Abstract: An illumination system including an excitation light source, a wavelength converting element, and a region-based light splitter is provided. The excitation light source provides an excitation beam. The wavelength converting element is disposed on a transmission path of the excitation beam to convert the excitation beam into an excited beam. The region-based light splitter is disposed on the transmission path of the excitation beam and includes at least one first region and at least one second region. The first region reflects the excitation beam and allows the excited beam to pass through. The second region allows the excitation beam and the excited beam to pass through. The excitation beam reflected by the region-based light splitter is transmitted toward the wavelength converting element. A projection apparatus including the illumination system is also provided.

Abstract: An illumination system for providing an illumination light beam is provided, which includes a light-source module, a scattering element and a light uniforming element. The light-source module emits an illumination light beam. The scattering element is between the light-source module and the light uniforming element, and has multiple scattering areas with different haze values. A haze value of a first scattering area that is close to a center of the scattering element is greater than a haze value of a second scattering area that is remote from the center. A projection device is also provided. A scattering element of the invention has multiple scattering areas with different haze values, and a haze value of one that is close to a center of the scattering element is greater than a haze value of the other that is remote from the center, thereby increasing light energy utilization.

Abstract: A filter module and a projection apparatus are provided. The filter module includes a filter layer and a diffusion layer. The filter layer includes a first filter region and a second filter region, which respectively allow light having a first waveband and light having a second waveband to pass through. The diffusion layer is disposed on a side of the filter module opposite to the filter layer and includes a first diffusion portion with a first haze value and a second diffusion portion with a second haze value. The first diffusion portion is disposed corresponding to the first filter region and allows the light having the first waveband to pass through. The second diffusion portion is disposed corresponding to the second filter region and allows the light having the second waveband to pass through. The first haze value is different from the second haze value.