Abstract: Disclosed herein are cerium doped, garnet phosphors emitting in the yellow region of the spectrum, and having the general formula (Y,A)3(Al,B)5(O,C)12:Ce3+, where A is Tb, Gd, Sm, La, Sr, Ba, Ca, and/or Mg, and substitutes for Y, B is Si, Ge, B, P, and/or Ga, and substitutes for Al, and C is F, Cl, N, and/or S, where C substitutes for O. Relative to a solid-state-reaction method, the instant co-precipitation methods provide a more homogeneous mixing environment to enhance the distribution of the Ce3+ activator in the YAG matrix. Such a uniform distribution has the benefit of an increased emission intensity. The primary particle size of the as-prepared phosphor is about 200 nm, with a narrow distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are green-emitting, garnet-based phosphors having the formula (Lu1-a-b-cYaTbbAc)3(Al1-dBd)5(O1-eCe)12:Ce,Eu, where A is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Sr, Ca, and Ba; B is selected from the group consisting of Ga and In; C is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; and 0?a?1; 0?b?1; 0<c?0.5; 0?d?1; and 0<e?0.2. These phosphors are distinguished from anything in the art by nature of their inclusion of both an alkaline earth and a halogen. Their peak emission wavelength may lie between about 500 nm and 540 nm; in one embodiment, the phosphor (Lu,Y,A)3Al5(O,F,Cl)12:Eu2+ has an emission at 540 nm. The FWHM of the emission peak lies between 80 nm and 150 nm. The present green garnet phosphors may be combined with a red-emitting, nitride-based phosphor such as CaAlSiN3 to produce white light.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cerium doped, garnet phosphors emitting in the yellow region of the spectrum, and having the general formula (Y,A)3(Al,B)5(O,C)12:Ce3+, where A is Tb, Gd, Sm, La, Sr, Ba, Ca, and/or Mg, and substitutes for Y, B is Si, Ge, B, P, and/or Ga, and substitutes for Al, and C is F, Cl, N, and/or S, where C substitutes for O. Relative to a solid-state-reaction method, the instant co-precipitation methods provide a more homogeneous mixing environment to enhance the distribution of the Ce3+ activator in the YAG matrix. Such a uniform distribution has the benefit of an increased emission intensity. The primary particle size of the as-prepared phosphor is about 200 nm, with a narrow distribution.

Abstract: Novel phosphor systems are disclosed having the formula A2SiO4:Eu2+D, where A is at least one of a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn, and Cd; and D is a dopant selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, P, S, N, and B. In one embodiment, the novel phosphor has the formula (Sr1?x?yBaxMy)2SiO4:Eu2+F (where M is one of Ca, Mg, Zn, or Cd in an amount ranging from 0<y<0.5). The phosphor is configured to absorb visible light from a blue LED, and luminescent light from the phosphor plus light from the blue LED may be combined to form white light. The novel phosphors can emit light at intensities greater than either conventionally known YAG compounds, or silicate-based phosphors that do not contain the inventive dopant ion.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing LiFePO4 compounds and analogs thereof for use in secondary electrodes involves mixing the starting materials and polymerizing the mixture into a gel. The gel form allows thorough milling and mixing of the reagents and results in a smaller and more uniform particle size in the resultant electrode formed and a well crystallized structure based on the X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: Novel two-phase yellow phosphors are disclosed having a peak emission intensity at wavelengths ranging from about 555 nm to about 580 nm when excited by a radiation source having a wavelength ranging from 220 nm to 530 nm. The present phosphors may be represented by the formula a[Srx(M1)1-x]zSiO4.(1-a)[Sry(M2)1-y]uSiO5:Eu2+D, wherein M1 and M2 are at least one of a divalent metal such as Ba, Mg, Ca, and Zn, the values of a, x, y, z and u follow the following relationships: 0.6?a?0.85; 0.3?x?0.6; 0.85?y?1; 1.5?z?2.5; 2.6?u?3.3; and Eu and D each range from 0.001 to about 0.5. D is an anion selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, S, and N, and at least some of the D anion replaces oxygen in the host silicate lattice of the phosphor. The present yellow phosphors have applications in high brightness white LED illumination systems, LCD display panels, plasma display panels, and yellow LEDs and illumination systems.

Abstract: Novel green phosphors are disclosed having the comprise silicate-based compounds having the formula (Sr,A1)x(Si,A2)(O,A3)2+x:Eu2+, where A1 is at least one divalent cation (a 2+ ion) including Mg, Ca, Ba, or Zn, or a combination of 1+ and 3+ cations; A2 is a 3+, 4+, or 5+ cation, including at least one of B, Al, Ga, C, Ge, N, and P; A3 is a 1?, 2?, or 3? anion, including F, Cl, Br, and S; and x is any value between 1.5 and 2.5, both inclusive. The formula is written to indicate that the A1 cation replaces Sr; the A2 cation replaces Si, and the A3 anion replaces O. These green phosphors are configured to emit visible light having a peak emission wavelength greater than about 480 nm. They have applications in green illumination systems, red-green-blue backlighting systems, white LEDs, and plasma display panels (PDPs).

Abstract: Novel phosphor systems for a white LED are disclosed. The phosphor systems are excited by a non-visible to near-UV radiation source having an excitation wavelength ranging from about 250 to 420 nm. The phosphor system may comprise one phosphor, two phosphors, and may include optionally a third and even a fourth phosphor. In one embodiment of the present invention, the phosphor is a two phosphor system having a blue phosphor and a yellow phosphor, wherein the long wavelength end of the blue phosphor is substantially the same wavelength as the short wavelength end of the yellow phosphor. Alternatively, there may be a wavelength gap between the yellow and blue phosphors. The yellow phosphor may be phosphate or silicate-based, and the blue phosphor may be silicate or aluminate-based. Single phosphor systems excited by non-visible radiation are also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor color image sensor comprises: an array of semiconductor photo-sensors (CMOS or CCD) and a color filter array comprising an array of red, green and blue filter elements in which each filter element is associated with a respective one of the photo-sensors. The sensor further comprises a phosphor (photo-luminescent) material associated with each of the blue filter elements and configured to absorb blue light and re-emit light of a longer wavelength range which is then incident on the photo-sensor associated with the blue filter element. Preferably the phosphor material is selected such that light of the longer wavelength range substantially matches the spectral response of the photo-sensor. The image sensor can further comprise an array of micro-lenses for focusing light onto the photo-sensors of the image sensor, wherein each micro-lens is associated with a respective one of the photo-sensors.

Abstract: Novel aluminate-based green phosphors are disclosed having the formula M1?xEuxMg1?yMnyAlzO[(x+y)+3z/2]; where 0.1<x<1.0; 0.1<y<1.0; 0.2<x+y<2.0; and 2?z?14; wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, and Zn; and wherein the phosphor is configured to absorb UV and visible radiation having a wavelength ranging from about 220 to 440 nm, and emit visible green light having a wavelength ranging from about 500 to 550 nm. A novel feature of the present aluminate-based green phosphors is the relatively narrow range of wavelength over which they can be configured to emit; in one embodiment, this range is from about 518 nm to 520 nm. In an alternative embodiment, the phosphor emits visible light with a peak wavelength having a full width at half maximum of less than or equal to about 40 nm in some embodiments, and 80 nm in other embodiments.

Abstract: Novel orange phosphors are disclosed having the comprise silicate-based compounds having the formula (Sr,A1)x,(Si,A2)(O,A3)2+x:Eu2+, where A1 is at least one divalent cation (a 2+ ion) including Mg, Ca, Ba, or Zn, or a combination of 1+ and 3+ cations; A2 is a 3+, 4+, or 5+ cation, including at least one of B, Al, Ga, C, Ge, P; A3 is a 1?, 2?, or 3? anion, including F, Cl, and Br; and x is any value between 2.5 and 3.5, inclusive. The formula is written to indicate that the A1 cation replaces Sr; the A2 cation replaces Si, and the A3 anion replaces O. These orange phosphors are configured to emit visible light having a peak emission wavelength greater than about 565 nm. They have applications in white LED illumination systems, plasma display panels, and in orange and other colored LED systems.

Abstract: This invention provides novel cadmium tungstate scintillator materials that show improved radiation hardness. In particular, it was discovered that doping of cadmium tungstate (CdWO4) with trivalent metal ions or monovalent metal ions is particularly effective in improving radiation hardness of the scintillator material.

Abstract: Novel two-phase yellow phosphors are disclosed having a peak emission intensity at wavelengths ranging from about 555 nm to about 580 nm when excited by a radiation source having a wavelength ranging from 220 nm to 530 nm. The present phosphors may be represented by the formula a[Srx(M1)1-x]zSiO4.(1-a)[Sry(M2)1-y]uSiO5:Eu2+D, wherein M1 and M2 are at least one of a divalent metal such as Ba, Mg, Ca, and Zn, the values of a, x, y, z and u follow the following relationships: 0.6?a?0.85; 0.3?x?0.6; 0.85?y?1; 1.5?z?2.5; 2.6?u?3.3; and Eu and D each range from 0.001 to about 0.5. D is an anion selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, S, and N, and at least some of the D anion replaces oxygen in the host silicate lattice of the phosphor. The present yellow phosphors have applications in high brightness white LED illumination systems, LCD display panels, plasma display panels, and yellow LEDs and illumination systems.

Abstract: Novel aluminum-silicate based orange-red phosphors, with mixed di- and trivalent cations are disclosed. The phosphors have the formula (Sr1?x?yMxTy)3?mEum(Si1?zAlz)O5, where M is at least one of Ba, Mg, Ca, and Zn in an amount ranging from 0?x?0.4. T is a trivalent metal in an amount ranging from 0?y?0. This phosphor is configured to emit visible light having a peak emission wavelength greater than about 580 nm. The phosphors may contain a halogen anion such as F, Cl, and Br, at least some of which is substitutionally positioned on oxygen lattice sites. The present aluminum-silicate phosphors have applications in white and orange-red illumination systems, as well as plasma display panels.

Abstract: Novel green phosphors are disclosed having the comprise silicate-based compounds having the formula (Sr,A1)x(Si,A2)(O,A3)2+x:Eu2+, where A1 is at least one divalent cation (a 2+ ion) including Mg, Ca, Ba, or Zn, or a combination of 1+ and 3+cations; A2 is a 3+, 4+, or 5+cation, including at least one of B, Al, Ga, C, Ge, N, and P; A3 is a 1-, 2-, or 3-anion, including F, Cl, Br, and S; and x is any value between 1.5 and 2.5, both inclusive. The formula is written to indicate that the A1 cation replaces Sr; the A2 cation replaces Si, and the A3 anion replaces O. These green phosphors are configured to emit visible light having a peak emission wavelength greater than about 480 nm. They have applications in green illumination systems, red-green-blue backlighting systems, white LEDs, and plasma display panels (PDPs).

Abstract: Novel two-phase yellow phosphors are disclosed having a peak emission intensity at wavelengths ranging from about 555 nm to about 580 nm when excited by a radiation source having a wavelength ranging from 220 nm to 530 nm. The present phosphors may be represented by the formula a[Srx(M1)1?x]zSiO4.(1-a)[Sry(M2)1?y]uSiO5:Eu2+D, wherein M1 and M2 are at least one of a divalent metal such as Ba, Mg, Ca, and Zn, the values of a, x, y, z and u follow the following relationships: 0.6?a?0.85; 0.3?x?0.6; 0.85?y?1; 1.5?z?2.5; 2.6?u?3.3; and Eu and D each range from 0.001 to about 0.5. D is an anion selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, S, and N, and at least some of the D anion replaces oxygen in the host silicate lattice of the phosphor. The present yellow phosphors have applications in high brightness white LED illumination systems, LCD display panels, plasma display panels, and yellow LEDs and illumination systems.

Abstract: Novel metal oxide compositions are disclosed. These ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic compositions have resitivities that vary between those of semiconducting and insulating materials, and they further exhibit Curie temperatures greater than room temperature (i.e., greater than 300 K). They are perovskite structures with the general chemical formulas (A1-xMx)BO3, (A1-xMx)(B?B?)O3 or A(B1-xMx)O3, where A can be a 1+, 2+ and 3+ charged ion; B can be a 5+, 4+, 3+ charged ion; B? and B? can be 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+ and 6+ charged ion. M is a magnetic ion dopant. X-ray diffraction patterns are presented for exemplary compositions.

Abstract: Novel green phosphors are disclosed having the comprise silicate-based compounds having the formula (Sr,A1)x(Si,A2)(O,A3)2+x:Eu2+, where A1 is at least one divalent cation (a 2+ ion) including Mg, Ca, Ba, or Zn, or a combination of 1+ and 3+ cations; A2 is a 3+, 4+, or 5+ cation, including at least one of B, Al, Ga, C, Ge, N, and P; A3 is a 1?, 2?, or 3? anion, including F, Cl, Br, and S; and x is any value between 1.5 and 2.5, both inclusive. The formula is written to indicate that the A1 cation replaces Sr; the A2 cation replaces Si, and the A3 anion replaces O. These green phosphors are configured to emit visible light having a peak emission wavelength greater than about 480 nm. They have applications in green illumination systems, red-green-blue backlighting systems, white LEDs, and plasma display panels (PDPs).

Abstract: A camera-based x-ray digital image detectors can contain an assembly of a scintillator screen, a wide-angle optical lens or fisheye lens, and a digital image sensor. Images formed by x-ray radiation on the scintillator screen can be projected onto a much smaller area image sensor through a fisheye or super-wide-angle optical lens, hence forming a highly distorted image thereon. Transparent lead-contained glasses or plastics can be utilized to shield image sensor from x-ray damage. Imaging distortion and light falloff caused by the lens optics can be corrected by software algorithms. Sub-millimeter resolution may be achieved with reduced design complexity and substantially lower manufacturing costs.

Abstract: Novel aluminate-based green phosphors are disclosed having the formula M1?xEuxAlyO1+3y/2, where M is at least one of a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zu, Cu, Cd, Sm, and Tm; 0.1<x<0.9; and 0.5:?y?12. phosphors are configured to absorb substantially non-visible radiation having a wavelength ranging from about 280 to 420 nm, and emit visible green light having a wavelength ranging from about 500 to 550 nm. In a particular embodiment, the phosphor contains the divalent alkaline earth metals Mg, and Mn may be present as well. A novel feature of the present aluminate-based green phosphors is the relatively narrow range of wavelength over which they can be configured to emit; in one embodiment, this range is from about 518 nm to 520 nm. In an alternative embodiment, the phosphor emits visible light with a peak wavelength having a full width at half maximum of less than or equal to about 40 nm.