Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting device including an organic light-emitting element and a control unit that controls the organic light-emitting element. The organic light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic light-emitting layer which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and in which separation of charges occurs due to incidence of excited light. The control unit changes a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode so that recoupling of the charges occurs, in a second period after passage of a delay period from a first period in which the excited light is incident to the organic light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A subscriber-side optical network unit (ONU) includes a control LSI for outputting a data signal and a pre-bias signal at fixed intervals, an optical transmitter-receiver for producing optical output in response to these signals, and a light-emission error preventing circuit for preventing light-emission error. First and second light-emission error detecting circuits output an abnormality detection alarm signal when no rising edge occurs in the data signal and pre-bias signal for a prescribed period of time. An OR element, when receiving the abnormality detection alarm signal from at least one of the first and second light-emission error detecting circuits, supplies the optical transmitter-receiver with a shutdown signal and halts the optical output.

Abstract: A subscriber-side optical network unit (ONU) includes a control LSI for outputting a data signal and a pre-bias signal at fixed intervals, an optical transmitter-receiver for producing optical output in response to these signals, and a light-emission error preventing circuit for preventing light-emission error. First and second light-emission error detecting circuits output an abnormality detection alarm signal when no rising edge occurs in the data signal and pre-bias signal for a prescribed period of time. An OR element, when receiving the abnormality detection alarm signal from at least one of the first and second light-emission error detecting circuits, supplies the optical transmitter-receiver with a shutdown signal and halts the optical output.

Abstract: As is described above, an optical wavelength division multiplexing and transmission apparatus according to the present invention has the configuration in which a plurality of slave racks coupling to a master rack can be additionally installed one after another with the master rack. Therefore, in cases where it is desired to expand a function of a transmitter and a function of a receiver due to the increase of a quality of information to be transmitted, the additional installation of the slave rack can be performed without exerting influence on a communication means installed in advance and currently used. Accordingly, it can be expected that the optical wavelength division multiplexing and transmission apparatus is adapted for the optical communication service which is more and more increased in the future.

Abstract: An optical transmitter 11 outputs an optical signal, and an optical booster amplifier 12 amplifies the optical signal and sends the amplified optical signal to an optical fiber 101 forming an optical transmission line. When detecting an optical signal fluctuation factor, an optical transmitter control part 13 outputs a light surge warning signal 111 prior to an optical signal fluctuation, and a gain control part 14 responds to the light surge warning signal 111 to decrease the gain of the optical booster amplifier 12 down to a level where no light surge occurs.

Abstract: An optical transmitter 11 outputs an optical signal, and an optical booster amplifier 12 amplifies the optical signal and sends the amplified optical signal to an optical fiber 101 forming an optical transmission line. When detecting an optical signal fluctuation factor, an optical transmitter control part 13 outputs a light surge warning signal 111 prior to an optical signal fluctuation, and a gain control part 14 responds to the light surge warning signal 111 to decrease the gain of the optical booster amplifier 12 down to a level where no light surge occurs.

Abstract: An odor concentration is measured by energizing an odor sensor connected across a power supply through a load resistance. A total resistance of the odor sensor is represented by and includes a parallel connection of a first resistive component having a value according to surrounding environmental conditions and a second resistive component having a value according to an odor concentration, and a saturation resistive component connected in series with the parallel connection of the first and second resistive components. A CPU is used to measure the odor concentration by obtaining the value of the second resistive component from an output of the odor sensor which is a voltage across the load resistance. Also, the measured odor concentration can be normalized and compared with a given threshold for fire detection.