Abstract: A head cleaner is disclosed that includes a blade that has a top face and wipes the nozzle face of a liquid droplet ejecting head that ejects liquid droplets from nozzles, and a cleaning part that cleans the top face of the blade.

Abstract: A multi-electronic money settlement-of-account vicarious execution system includes a store information storage section. The storage section includes a store information database for storing information of a store-specified money kind specified by the store as a kind of money to be received by the store and information of a store-specified money remittance destination specified by the store as a remittance destination of money. The system further includes an electronic money conversion and remittance section for converting electronic money received from a store user to money of the store-specified money kind in accordance with the information of the store-specified money kind, and remitting money resultant from the conversion to the store-specified money remittance destination in accordance with the information of the store-specified money remittance destination. The store information database stores information of point kinds to be provided for the user.

Abstract: Premium point services offered by different retailers require each user to possess a plurality of cards for dealing with different applications. An electronic pocketbook system made of a display device and an IC card is provided to store diverse kinds of application information such as amount information and point information into a single IC card. Portions of the application information to be displayed are stored in a predetermined format into a predetermined area inside the IC card. This allows the same program of the display device to display various kinds of application information successively using a common program, and without having to an application specific program.

Abstract: Premium point services offered by different retailers require each user to possess a plurality of cards for dealing with different applications. An electronic pocketbook system made of a display device and an IC card is provided to store diverse kinds of application information such as amount information and point information into a single IC card. Portions of the application information to be displayed are stored in a predetermined format into a predetermined area inside the IC card. This allows the same program of the display device to display various kinds of application information successively using a common program, and without having to an application specific program.

Abstract: When a certificate is to be printed on a certificate form having a microchip built therein, an applicant for applying for the certificate sends microchip ID to a certificate issuer, and the certificate issuer stores certificate data in association with the microchip ID in an issue management database of the certificate issuer. When the certificate is to be verified, a certificate verifier sends the microchip ID built in the certificate to the certificate issuer, and in response to it, the certificate issuer sends the certificate data, which is registered in the certificate database in association with the microchip ID, to the certificate verifier. Certificate can be printed out by a print terminal at home or the like.

Abstract: A telephone for transferring electronic money between money cards has on the top thereof two card inlets of two internal card reader/writers, a display window, a ten-key set used to dial a telephone number or enter an amount of electronic money transaction, telephone function keys, and mode selection keys. It can be operated to transfer electronic money between two money cards inserted in the card inlets, or between a money card inserted in one of the card inlets and another money card linked through the telephone line, thereby enabling person-to-person, person-to-bank, and person-to-retailer transactions based on electronic money.

Abstract: A method for preventing unauthorized copying of digital information such as digitized movies, music, literature, or other works, and reliably collecting to the digital information owner fees paid for using the copied digital information. When copying key data 156 enabling use of digital information 158, the key data is locked. To unlock the key data, the user accesses digital information seller 150 and pays the digital information usage fee.

Abstract: An electronic wallet or terminal for a portable financial IC card having arrangements for versitle use by both visually-impaired and non-impaired persons. The electronic wallet or terminal is provided with a cabinet provided with a display, an IC card housing accommodating removable insertion of an IC card, and a privacy speaker and/or an earphone. Use of the privacy speaker or earphone accommodate visually impaired persons while affording financial confidentiality. Such terminal is programmed such that an appropriate language suited to an owner of the financial IC card or terminal is automatically determined (without user polling) from stored historical data such as a last financial transaction or personal data. The terminal is further provided with irregularities (e.g.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus in which a frequency-modulated video signal and a frequency-modulated audio signal are frequency-multiplexed and the frequency-multiplexed signal is recorded on video tracks of a magnetic tape, and the recorded signal is reproduced, a noise produced in the audio signal due to video track switching in the signal reproduction is eliminated by holding the audio signal for a period of noise duration.

Abstract: A helical scanning type video tape recorder is provided with an audio signal recording/reproducing circuit in which the audio signal is submitted to frequency modulation, after which the modulated audio signal is recorded on a video track by a rotary video head while a video signal is also recorded on the same track. This provides very good quality of reproduction of the audio signal. In order to reduce crosstalk interference of audio signals between adjacent tracks, a dynamic range of the audio signal is compressed to have a predetermined characteristic in the recording process, and then expanded to compensate to the original dynamic range in the reproducing process.

Abstract: A modulator-demodulator suited to record an audio signal in a recording medium in the form of a frequency-modulated signal and to demodulate the frequency-modulated signal is disclosed. It includes a voltage-controlled oscillator, a switching circuit for changing one of two input frequency-modulated signals toward a control input of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and a phase detector for detecting a difference in phase between the frequency-modulated signal reproduced from the recording medium and the output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator. In a recording operation, an input audio signal is supplied to a control signal input terminal of the voltage-controlled oscillator through the switching circuit, and the VCO acts as a modulator for carrying out frequency modulation.

Abstract: A sound signal recording and reproducing device for use in a picture signal recording and reproducing apparatus comprises a first sound signal recording and reproducing system recording a sound signal in superposed relation with a picture signal on the same track on a magnetic tape by a rotary head, and a second sound signal recording and reproducing system capable of recording a sound signal independently of the picture signal by a stationary head in a direction parallel with the traveling direction of the magnetic tape.

Abstract: In an apparatus for recording a frequency modulated audio signal and a frequency modulated video signal on the frequency multiplex basis onto the same recording track, a muting circuit is necessary so that the reproduced audio signal is not outputted when a dropout takes place and/or when the frequency modulated audio signal is missing on the track. The muting circuit is controlled not only by the output signal of a dropout detector, but by a signal obtained by integrating the dropout detection signal so that the audio output is blocked during a frequent occurrence of dropout. The muting circuit includes a previous value holding circuit serving to hold its output at an input level immediately before the control signal has been given, the previous value holding circuit being arranged in the reproduction audio signal processing system following a demodulator.