Abstract: A fault detection method, includes the following steps. A target sequence is received, the target sequence includes several data. A first moving average operation is performed on the target sequence to establish a first moving average sequence. A second moving average operation is performed on the target sequence to establish a second moving average sequence. A difference operation between the first moving average sequence and the second moving average sequence is performed to obtain a difference sequence, the difference sequence includes several difference values. An upper limit value is set. When one of the difference values is greater than the upper limit value, the target sequence is determines as abnormal.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor structure includes selective use of a cladding layer during the fabrication process to provide critical dimension uniformity. The cladding layer can be formed before forming a recess in an active channel structure or can be formed after filling a recess in an active channel structure with dielectric material. These techniques can be used in semiconductor structures such as gate-all-around (GAA) transistor structures implemented in an integrated circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of semiconductor layers vertically separated from one another. The semiconductor device includes a gate structure that comprises a lower portion and an upper portion, wherein the lower portion wraps around each of the plurality of semiconductor layers. The semiconductor device includes a gate spacer that extends along a sidewall of the upper portion of the gate structure and has a bottom surface. A portion of the bottom surface of the gate spacer and a top surface of a topmost one of the plurality of semiconductor layers form an angle that is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a device design layout and a scribe line design layout surrounding the device design layout. The device design layout and the scribe line design layout are rotated in different directions. An optical proximity correction (OPC) process is performed on the rotated device design layout and the rotated scribe line design layout. A reticle includes the device design layout and the scribe line design layout is formed after performing the OPC process.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of channel layers vertically separated from one another. The semiconductor device also includes an active gate structure comprising a lower portion and an upper portion. The lower portion wraps around each of the plurality of channel layers. The semiconductor device further includes a gate spacer extending along a sidewall of the upper portion of the active gate structure. The gate spacer has a bottom surface. Moreover, a dummy gate dielectric layer is disposed between the gate spacer and a topmost channel layer of plurality of channel layers. The dummy gate dielectric layer is in contact with a top surface of the topmost channel layer, the bottom surface of the gate spacer, and the sidewall of the gate structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a first tier, a redistribution circuit structure, and a second tier. The first tier includes at least one first die. The redistribution circuit structure is disposed on the first tier and electrically coupled to the at least one first die, where the redistribution circuit structure has a multi-layer structure and includes a vertical connection structure continuously extending from a first side of the redistribution circuit structure to a second side of the redistribution circuit structure, and the first side is opposite to the second side along a stacking direction of the first tier and the redistribution circuit structure. The second tier includes a plurality of second dies, and is disposed on and electrically coupled to the redistribution circuit structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for distribution of enterprise software and compensation for usage of the enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information including executable code of software applications; receive user input from administrative users regarding eligibility of individual software applications for different users; facilitate execution of different eligible software applications as selected by the different users; monitor billable execution of the software applications; determine compensation amounts that correspond to monitored billable execution; and presenting information to a given administrative user regarding the determined compensation amounts.

Abstract: Systems and methods for version control of pipelined enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information for executable code of software applications that are installed and executable by users, receive first user input from a first user that represents selection by the first user of a first software pipeline for execution; receive second user input from a second user that represents a second selection by the second user of a second software pipeline for execution, wherein the second software pipeline includes different versions of software applications that are included in the first software pipeline; facilitate execution of the first software pipeline for the first user; and facilitate execution of the second software pipeline for the second user at the same time as the execution of the first software pipeline for the first user.

Abstract: Direct detection of carbon dioxide leakage in a carbon storage well is obtained using an optical fiber adapted to be positioned in the carbon storage well, a detection unit operatively connected to the optical fiber, and a leak sensor section incorporated in the optical fiber.

Abstract: Systems and methods for version control of pipelined enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information for executable code of software applications that are installed and executable by users, receive first user input from a first user that represents selection by the first user of a first software pipeline for execution; receive second user input from a second user that represents a second selection by the second user of a second software pipeline for execution, wherein the second software pipeline includes different versions of software applications that are included in the first software pipeline; facilitate execution of the first software pipeline for the first user; and facilitate execution of the second software pipeline for the second user at the same time as the execution of the first software pipeline for the first user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for version control of pipelined enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information for executable code of software applications that are installed and executable by users, receive first user input from a first user that represents selection by the first user of a first software pipeline for execution; receive second user input from a second user that represents a second selection by the second user of a second software pipeline for execution, wherein the second software pipeline includes different versions of software applications that are included in the first software pipeline; facilitate execution of the first software pipeline for the first user; and facilitate execution of the second software pipeline for the second user at the same time as the execution of the first software pipeline for the first user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for version control of pipelined enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information for executable code of software applications that are installed and executable by users, receive first user input from a first user that represents selection by the first user of a first software pipeline for execution; receive second user input from a second user that represents a second selection by the second user of a second software pipeline for execution, wherein the second software pipeline includes different versions of software applications that are included in the first software pipeline; facilitate execution of the first software pipeline for the first user; and facilitate execution of the second software pipeline for the second user at the same time as the execution of the first software pipeline for the first user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for distribution of enterprise software and compensation for usage of the enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information including executable code of software applications; receive user input from administrative users regarding eligibility of individual software applications for different users; facilitate execution of different eligible software applications as selected by the different users; monitor billable execution of the software applications; determine compensation amounts that correspond to monitored billable execution; and presenting information to a given administrative user regarding the determined compensation amounts.

Abstract: Systems and methods for version control of pipelined enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information for executable code of software applications that are installed and executable by users, receive first user input from a first user that represents selection by the first user of a first software pipeline for execution; receive second user input from a second user that represents a second selection by the second user of a second software pipeline for execution, wherein the second software pipeline includes different versions of software applications that are included in the first software pipeline; facilitate execution of the first software pipeline for the first user; and facilitate execution of the second software pipeline for the second user at the same time as the execution of the first software pipeline for the first user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for distribution of enterprise software and compensation for usage of the enterprise software are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: store information including executable code of software applications; receive user input from administrative users regarding eligibility of individual software applications for different users; facilitate execution of different eligible software applications as selected by the different users; monitor billable execution of the software applications; determine compensation amounts that correspond to monitored billable execution; and presenting information to a given administrative user regarding the determined compensation amounts.

Abstract: Isolation of biological or chemical organisms can be accomplished using a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) system. The SERS system can be a single or a stacked plurality of photonic crystal membranes with noble-metal lined through pores for flowing analyte potentially containing the biological or chemical organisms. The through pores can be adapted to trap individual biological or chemical organisms and emit SERS spectra, which can then be detected by a detector and further analyzed for viability of the biological or chemical organism.

Abstract: Isolation of biological or chemical organisms can be accomplished using a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) system. The SERS system can be a single or a stacked plurality of photonic crystal membranes with noble-metal lined through pores for flowing analyte potentially containing the biological or chemical organisms. The through pores can be adapted to trap individual biological or chemical organisms and emit SERS spectra, which can then be detected by a detector and further analyzed for viability of the biological or chemical organism.