Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided and includes a fixed assembly, a movable assembly, a driving assembly and a stopping assembly. The fixed assembly has a main axis. The movable assembly is configured to connect an optical element, and the movable assembly is movable relative to the fixed assembly. The driving assembly is configured to drive the movable assembly to move relative to the fixed assembly. The stopping assembly is configured to limit the movement of the movable assembly relative to the fixed assembly within a range of motion.

Abstract: A p-GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) includes a buffer layer stacked on a substrate, a channel layer stacked on the buffer layer, a supply layer stacked on the channel layer, a doped layer stacked on the supply layer, and a hydrogen barrier layer covering the supply layer and the doped layer. A source and a drain are electrically connected to the channel layer and the supply layer, respectively. A gate is located on the doped layer. The hydrogen barrier layer is doped with fluorine.

Abstract: Implementations of a cover for an image sensor may include an optically transmissive portion and a black mask layer applied as a strip adjacent a perimeter of a largest planar surface of the optically transmissive portion. The first edge of the strip closest to the perimeter may be separated from the perimeter by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device and semiconductor fabrication method. A semiconductor device includes: a gate structure over a semiconductor substrate, having a high-k dielectric layer, a p-type work function layer, an n-type work function layer, a dielectric anti-reaction layer, and a glue layer; and a continuous metal cap over the gate structure formed by metal material being deposited over the gate structure, a portion of the anti-reaction layer being selectively removed, and additional metal material being deposited over the gate structure. A semiconductor fabrication method includes: receiving a gate structure; flattening the top layer of the gate structure; precleaning and pretreating the surface of the gate structure; depositing metal material over the gate structure to form a discontinuous metal cap; selectively removing a portion of the anti-reaction layer; depositing additional metal material over the gate structure to create a continuous metal cap; and containing growth of the metal cap.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A maintenance apparatus and a maintenance method for a probe card are provided. The maintenance apparatus includes a first supporting member, a second supporting member, a first clamping member, a second clamping member, and a plurality of locking units. In the maintenance method, the first supporting member and the second supporting member are initially positioned underneath below the two sides of a positioning slice, respectively, and then the first clamping member and the second clamping member are each disposed on the first supporting member and the second supporting member, respectively. First clamping member and first supporting member, and second clamping member and second supporting member are secured together respectively by locking units. Thus two sides of positioning slice are secured tightly and the positioning slice is well fastened. A probe card is also provided. The probe card includes a guide slot having a size corresponding to that of maintenance apparatus.

Abstract: A vertical probe device includes two guide members arranged in a stack manner and defining therebetween an accommodation chamber, a probe holder plate disposed between the guide members, and a plurality of probes inserted through the guide plates and the probe holder plate in such a manner that the probes are flexible within the accommodation chamber. One of the guide plates has at least one through hole. The probe holder plate is slightly moveable in horizontal and vertical directions but fixable to one of the guide plats under a force applied through the at least one through hole to the probe holder plate while the other of the guide plates is removed, thereby preventing damage of the probes or movement of the probes during a maintenance work.

Abstract: A vertical probe device includes two guide members arranged in a stack manner and defining therebetween an accommodation chamber, a probe holder plate disposed between the guide members, and a plurality of probes inserted through the guide plates and the probe holder plate in such a manner that the probes are flexible within the accommodation chamber. One of the guide plates has at least one through hole. The probe holder plate is slightly moveable in horizontal and vertical directions but fixable to one of the guide plats under a force applied through the at least one through hole to the probe holder plate while the other of the guide plates is removed, thereby preventing damage of the probes or movement of the probes during a maintenance work.

Abstract: An extension fixture for a turning tool includes a shank, a pull rod, a clamping sleeve, and a fixing member. Thus, the fixing member presses the rotation head of the pull rod to prevent the pull rod from being rotated, thereby preventing the clamping sleeve from being loosened from the pull rod, so that the turning tool is clamped by the clamping recess of the clamping sleeve. In addition, the pull rod is positioned in the shank by the fixing member to prevent the clamping sleeve from being loosened from the pull rod, so that the turning tool is clamped in the clamping sleeve closely and will not produce a vibration during operation of the turning tool, thereby preventing the turning tool from being broken due to the vibration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for switching signals through a switch matrix are disclosed. The apparatus comprises an input module and an output module. The input module has a plurality of inputs typically equal to a number of cells in a reuse pattern, and the inputs receiving at least one uplink beam. The input module also has a plurality of outputs, the plurality of outputs is typically equal to the number of subbands in the uplink beam. The output module is coupled to the input module and selectively couples the outputs from the input module to an output of the output module. The method comprises the steps of grouping the uplink signals into a plurality of groups, the number of groups typically equal to a number of cells in the cell-based transmission matrix, where each group comprises a signal from each frequency used in the frequency reuse pattern. Each group of uplink signals is then separated into subband signals, which are then grouped together into groups of similar subband signals.

Abstract: A transmission for a motor vehicle includes a controller for controlling an engine, a generator and motor unit, a converter, and a storage battery unit. A detecting mechanism is used to detect the operating conditions of the motor vehicle and the engine so as to generate control signals. A power distribution device is disposed between the engine and the generator and motor unit. The generator and motor unit can be controlled to operate in one of a generator mode and a motor mode.

Abstract: A multilayer radio frequency interconnect apparatus includes a plurality of laminated printed wiring boards made of a dielectric material with low loss characteristics for radio frequency electromagnetic radiation. In operation, a RF signal launches from a first signal conductor 24. A vertical transition from the first signal conductor 24 to a second signal conductor 44 is realized by a 3-wire transmission line. The center conductor of the 3-wire transmission line is a RF via 30. The two outer conductors are RF ground vias 32 and connect the first RF ground conductor 22 to the second RF ground conductor 42. These two RF ground vias 32 are isolated from the ground planes 40, 46 which are located between RF signal layers 20, 38. The advantage of this ground isolation is to maintain the 3-wire transmission line characteristic impedance and to reduce disturbance to electromagnetic fields such that a broadband design may be achieved. The RF ground vias are terminated at signal layers 20, 38.

Abstract: A circuit assembly suitable for RF signals has an integration plate and an RF distribution layer disposed adjacent to the integration plate. The RF distribution layer has an RF conductive layer between a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. A DC distribution layer is disposed adjacent to the RF distribution layer. An RF input is coupled to the RF conductive layer. A module assembly includes an integrated circuit coupled to the RF conductive layer and the DC distribution layer. An RF output is coupled to the RF conductive layer.

Abstract: A switch matrix 10 is provided comprising a plurality of input modules X and a plurality of output modules P. Each input module 16 has a plurality of first input interconnections 14, a plurality of first interconnected switches 21, and a plurality of first output interconnections 20. Each output module 18 has a plurality of second input interconnections 23, a plurality of second interconnected switches 24, and a plurality of second output interconnections 20. The plurality of input modules X is electrically coupled to the plurality of output modules P, forming a plurality of signal paths 12 having a plurality of interconnected switches K per signal path 12. A method is also provided minimizing the total number of interconnected switches Z within the switch matrix 10 for a particular application. The method comprises determining switch matrix design requirements, calculating the values of X and P, and performing an integer partitioning process.

Abstract: A transmission for a motor vehicle includes a controller for controlling an engine, a generator and motor unit, a converter, and a storage battery unit. A detecting mechanism is used to detect the operating conditions of the motor vehicle and the engine so as to generate control signals. A power distribution device is disposed between the engine and the generator and motor unit. The generator and motor unit can be controlled to operate in one of a generator mode and a motor mode.

Abstract: A circuit assembly suitable for RF signals has an integration plate and an RF distribution layer disposed adjacent to the integration plate. The RF distribution layer has an RF conductive layer between a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. A DC distribution layer is disposed adjacent to the RF distribution layer. An RF input is coupled to the RF conductive layer. A module assembly includes an integrated circuit coupled to the RF conductive layer and the DC distribution layer. An RF output is coupled to the RF conductive layer.

Abstract: A subharmonic carrier-canceling baseband/K upconverter system uses a first splitter to separate an incoming RF signal into two equal components: in-phase (1) and quadrature (Q, 180 degrees delayed). A second splitter is used to separate a local oscillator signal into two equal components: in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q, 90 degrees delayed). A first subharmonic mixer is used to mix both I components, while a second subharmonic mixer is used to mix both Q components. The outputs of both mixers are then combined to produce an output RF signal having reduced second order harmonics close to said local oscillator frequency.

Abstract: A switch matrix 10 is provided comprising a plurality of input modules X and a plurality of output modules P. Each input module 16 has a plurality of first input interconnections 14, a plurality of first interconnected switches 21, and a plurality of first output interconnections 20. Each output module 18 has a plurality of second input interconnections 23, a plurality of second interconnected switches 24, and a plurality of second output interconnections 20. The plurality of input modules X is electrically coupled to the plurality of output modules P, forming a plurality of signal paths 12 having a plurality of interconnected switches K per signal path 12. A method is also provided minimizing the total number of interconnected switches Z within the switch matrix 10 for a particular application. The method comprises determining switch matrix design requirements, calculating the values of X and P, and performing an integer partitioning process.

Abstract: A multilayer radio frequency interconnect apparatus includes a plurality of laminated printed wiring boards made of a dielectric material with low loss characteristics for radio frequency electromagnetic radiation. In operation, a RF signal launches from a first signal conductor 24. A vertical transition from the first signal conductor 24 to a second signal conductor 44 is realized by a 3-wire transmission line. The center conductor of the 3-wire transmission line is a RF via 30. The two outer conductors are RF ground vias 32 and connect the first RF ground conductor 22 to the second RF ground conductor 42. These two RF ground vias 32 are isolated from the ground planes 40, 46 which are located between RF signal layers 20, 38. The advantage of this ground isolation is to maintain the 3-wire transmission line characteristic impedance and to reduce disturbance to electromagnetic fields such that a broadband design may be achieved. The RF ground vias are terminated at signal layers 20, 38.

Abstract: A satellite subsystem for a satellite employs a reconfigurable communications payload and active array antennas. The subsystem includes an active receive array antenna having a reconfigurable beam forming network for forming input beam signals from input signals received by the receive antenna from sources. An input switch matrix power divides the input beam signals into sets of input beam signals. Each of the channel signals corresponds to a respective channel of the input beam signals. The subsystem further includes a channelizer having a plurality of channel processors each receiving at least one input beam signal from the input switch matrix. The channel processors filter the input beam signals into channel signals. Each of the channel signals corresponds to a respective channel of the input beam signals. The channel processors change the frequency of at least one channel signal to route the at least one channel signal to a different channel than the respective channel of the input beam signals.