Abstract: Applicants have discovered that amine oxides enhance the uniform distribution and penetration of wood preservatives into wood substrates, minimize leaching of the wood preservatives, and improve the weatherability of the wood substrate. The present invention provides a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of at least one wood preservative into a wood substrate by applying a preservative composition to the wood substrate. The preservative composition comprises a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent, which includes an amine oxide, and the wood preservatives. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of one or more wood preservatives by applying the wood preservatives to the wood substrate and then applying the aforementioned wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent to the wood substrate.

Abstract: Applicants have discovered that amine oxides enhance the uniform distribution and penetration of wood preservatives into wood substrates, minimize leaching of the wood preservatives, and improve the weatherability of the wood substrate. The present invention provides a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of at least one wood preservative into a wood substrate by applying a preservative composition to the wood substrate. The preservative composition comprises a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent, which includes an amine oxide, and the wood preservatives. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of one or more wood preservatives by applying the wood preservatives to the wood substrate and then applying the aforementioned wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent to the wood substrate.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing 1-hydroxyalkylidene-1,1-diphosphonic Acid (HADP) by introducing phosphorus trihalide (PX.sub.3) into a reactor containing aqueous acid of the formula RCOOH at a temperature of 60-200.degree. C. and a pressure of 15-150 psig. Water is added to hydrolyze the intermediate formed to obtain HADP.

Abstract: A semi-batch process for the manufacture of polyglycerol esters by direct fatty acid esterification of a polyglycerol. Molten fatty acid is fed slowly into polyglycerol at a rate which maintains the reaction mixture substantially homogeneous. Improved quality of the resultant polyglycerol esters and shorter reaction cycles are thereby realized.