Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a three-dimensional object includes a fabrication stage and a flattener. A fabrication layer in which powder particles are bound together is formed layer-by-layer on the fabrication stage. The flattener relatively moves in a moving direction along a stage surface of the fabrication stage and flattens a surface of powder on the fabrication stage to form a powder layer. The fabrication stage and the flattener are arranged to be relatively movable in a height direction. In formation of the powder layer on the fabrication layer formed on the fabrication stage, the apparatus performs an operation to increase a distance between the flattener and the fabrication stage in the height direction when the flattener moves to a position near an edge of the fabrication layer in the moving direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes channel forming members and a surface treatment film. The channel forming members are joined to each other via an adhesive agent to form a channel for liquid. The surface treatment film is formed on a surface of at least one of the channel forming members. The surface treatment film is an oxidized film including Si. The oxidized film further includes a transition metal forming a passive film.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head is provided. The liquid ejection head includes a nozzle substrate to eject a droplet of a liquid from a nozzle thereof; a surface treatment layer, which is located on the surface of the nozzle substrate and which is an oxide layer including silicon (Si) and a transition metal capable of forming a passive layer; and an organic liquid repellent layer located on the surface treatment layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a three-dimensional object includes a fabrication stage and a flattener. A fabrication layer in which powder particles are bound together is formed layer-by-layer on the fabrication stage. The flattener relatively moves in a moving direction along a stage surface of the fabrication stage and flattens a surface of powder on the fabrication stage to form a powder layer. The fabrication stage and the flattener are arranged to be relatively movable in a height direction. In formation of the powder layer on the fabrication layer formed on the fabrication stage, the apparatus performs an operation to increase a distance between the flattener and the fabrication stage in the height direction when the flattener moves to a position near an edge of the fabrication layer in the moving direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head is provided. The liquid ejection head includes a nozzle substrate to eject a droplet of a liquid from a nozzle thereof; a surface treatment layer, which is located on the surface of the nozzle substrate and which is an oxide layer including silicon (Si) and a transition metal capable of forming a passive layer; and an organic liquid repellent layer located on the surface treatment layer.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes channel forming members and a surface treatment film. The channel forming members are joined to each other via an adhesive agent to form a channel for liquid. The surface treatment film is formed on a surface of at least one of the channel forming members. The surface treatment film is an oxidized film including Si. The oxidized film further includes a transition metal forming a passive film.

Abstract: The same water-repellent process is provided on a nozzle forming part and the outer circumferential part of a nozzle formation member. A first water-repellent layer is formed through a first water-repellent process on the surface of a nozzle forming part (which forms nozzles on a surface of a nozzle plate, and a second water-repellent layer is formed through a second water-repellent process different from the first water-repellent process on the surface of the outer circumferential part (outer portion of surface) of the nozzle plate.

Abstract: A liquid discharging head and an image formation apparatus are disclosed. The liquid discharging head includes a base member that has a joining surface, to which a piezoelectric device is joined, and a bottom surface. The width of the joining surface in longitudinal directions of a liquid chamber is less than the width of the bottom surface in the longitudinal directions of the liquid chamber; accordingly, the area of the joining surface is less than the area of the bottom surface.

Abstract: A liquid discharging head and an image formation apparatus are disclosed. The liquid discharging head includes a base member that has a joining surface, to which a piezoelectric device is joined, and a bottom surface. The width of the joining surface in longitudinal directions of a liquid chamber is less than the width of the bottom surface in the longitudinal directions of the liquid chamber; accordingly, the area of the joining surface is less than the area of the bottom surface.

Abstract: An ink jet printing apparatus includes an ink jet head having a plurality of nozzles for respectively ejecting ink drops, a plurality of ink chambers communicating with the nozzles, and a plurality of electromechanical conversion elements corresponding to the respective nozzles. The volume of the ink chamber of the non-drive channel is increased by the influence of the drive channel adjacent thereto, and thereby undesired ejection of the ink drop occurs. To solve this problem, a drive energy set for ejecting the ink drop is applied to the piezoelectric elements of the drive chambers n−1, n+1 and a reduced drive energy set for not ejecting the ink drops is applied to the piezoelectric element of the non-drive channel n.

Abstract: An ink jet printing head includes a nozzle plate having an outside surface and a plurality of nozzles for discharging ink from the outside surface, each nozzle having a first diameter at a peripheral edge of the nozzle plate. A surface treatment layer is provided on the outside surface of the nozzle plate, the surface treatment layer having a plurality of openings overlapping the plurality of nozzles, each opening having a second diameter at a peripheral edge of the surface treatment layer, the second diameter being smaller than the first diameter.