Abstract: A charging method includes first and second charging steps to charge a lithium-ion battery. In the first charging step, a temperature rise gradient of the battery to a current is detected. A battery temperature when the battery is charged to a first predetermined capacity is predicted based on the gradient. A charging current is controlled based on the predicted temperature. The battery is charged, at a current that brings a battery temperature lower than a predetermined temperature, to the first predetermined capacity. In the second charging step, a temperature rise gradient of the battery is detected. A battery temperature when the battery is charged to a second predetermined capacity is predicted based on the gradient. A charging current is controlled based on the predicted temperature. The battery is charged, at a current that brings the temperature of the battery lower than the predetermined temperature, to the second predetermined capacity.

Abstract: A method for alarming decrease in tire air-pressure, which detects decrease in internal pressure of a tire attached to a vehicle and accordingly issues alarm. The method includes the steps of: detecting rotational information of the respective tires; storing the rotational information of the respective tires; displaying a summer tire, a winter tire and a run-flat tire; designating a currently attached tire from among the displayed tires and switching to a threshold for judging decrease in internal pressure which matches the tire; judging decrease in internal pressure of a tire by using the threshold; and issuing an alarm on the basis of the judgment of the judging means. Since thresholds which match tires can be suitably switched when the driver operates the touch panel for discriminating presently mounted tires, it is possible to eliminate erroneous alarm and to perform judgment of decompression at even higher accuracy.

Abstract: A method of judging a vehicle loading condition includes detecting rotational speeds of wheels mounted on a vehicle, calculating a judging value of tire pressures based on the difference of the sum of rotational speeds of two pairs of wheels located at the opposing corners of the vehicle and detecting an acceleration to a lateral direction of the vehicle. The loading state of the vehicle is judged by the change of a primary coefficient based on an approximated relation between the acceleration to a lateral direction and the judging value of the tire pressures. A tire deflation warning system detects the stop of the vehicle, and the air pressure of four wheels is judged not to be decreased if the loading condition of a vehicle is changed more than a fixed value before and after a vehicle stop. The tire deflation warning system can prevent a deflation alarm for a vehicle with a heavy load.

Abstract: A motion picture decoding apparatus according to the invention includes: a coefficient reducing circuit for removing orthogonal transform coefficients for high horizontal frequencies from a certain sized block of orthogonal transform coefficients obtained from an input signal, thereby reducing the number of transform coefficients to half; an inverse orthogonal transformation circuit for performing an inverse orthogonal transform operation by using the transform coefficients reduced by the coefficient reducing circuit, thereby obtaining, on a block-by-block basis, reconstructed image data or time-axis prediction error data horizontally compressed to ½; an adder for generating reconstructed image data horizontally compressed to ½, based on the time-axis prediction error data provided by the inverse orthogonal transformation circuit and on predetermined reference image data; and one or more than one reference image memories for storing reconstructed image data which is included in the reconstructed image data pr

Abstract: To provide a judging method of loading condition of a vehicle and a tire deflation warning system capable of preventing alarming four-wheel diffusion for a vehicle with heavy load. The judging method of vehicle loading condition including the steps of detecting rotational speeds of wheels mounted on a vehicle, calculating a judging value of tire pressures based on the difference of the sum of rotational speeds of two pairs of wheels located at the opposing corners of the vehicle and detecting an acceleration to a lateral direction of the vehicle, wherein the loading state of the vehicle is judged by the change of a primary coefficient when relation between the acceleration to a lateral direction and the judging value of the tire pressures is primarily approximated.

Abstract: A laser treatment apparatus for irradiating an affected part of a patient's eye with a treatment laser beam to treat the affected part is disclosed.

Abstract: A motion picture decoding apparatus according to the invention includes: a coefficient reducing circuit for removing orthogonal transform coefficients for high horizontal frequencies from a certain sized block of orthogonal transform coefficients obtained from an input signal, thereby reducing the number of transform coefficients to half; an inverse orthogonal transformation circuit for performing an inverse orthogonal transform operation by using the transform coefficients reduced by the coefficient reducing circuit, thereby obtaining, on a block-by-block basis, reconstructed image data or time-axis prediction error data horizontally compressed to ½; an adder for generating reconstructed image data horizontally compressed to ½, based on the time-axis prediction error data provided by the inverse orthogonal transformation circuit and on predetermined reference image data; and one or more than one reference image memories for storing reconstructed image data which is included in the reconstructed

Abstract: A method for alarming decrease in tire air-pressure, which detects decrease in internal pressure of a tire attached to a vehicle and accordingly issues alarm. The method includes the steps of: detecting rotational information of the respective tires; storing the rotational information of the respective tires; displaying a summer tire, a winter tire and a run-flat tire; designating a currently attached tire from among the displayed tires and switching to a threshold for judging decrease in internal pressure which matches the tire; judging decrease in internal pressure of a tire by using the threshold; and issuing an alarm on the basis of the judgment of the judging means. Since thresholds which match tires can be suitably switched when the driver operates the touch panel for discriminating presently mounted tires, it is possible to eliminate erroneous alarm and to perform judgment of decompression at even higher accuracy.

Abstract: A heavy duty tire comprises a pair of axially outermost circumferential rows of shoulder blocks, each of the shoulder blocks provided with a circumferentially extending narrow groove, the narrow groove subdividing the shoulder block into an axially inner wide main part and an axially outer narrow lateral part, and the narrow groove is curved convexly so that the narrow lateral part is narrower in a middle region than both the circumferential end regions, whereby the heel and toe wear and shoulder wear and resistance to tear-off can be improved.

Abstract: A heavy duty tire comprises a pair of axially outermost circumferential rows of shoulder blocks, each of the shoulder blocks provided with a circumferentially extending narrow groove, the narrow groove subdividing the shoulder block into an axially inner wide main part and an axially outer narrow lateral part, and the narrow groove is curved convexly so that the narrow lateral part is narrower in a middle region than both the circumferential end regions, whereby the heel and toe wear and shoulder wear and resistance to tear-off can be improved.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a central longitudinal groove in a tread crown region and an outer longitudinal groove in each tread shoulder region, the longitudinal grooves are crossed by lateral grooves to form crossings and to define blocks on each side of each longitudinal groove, the outer longitudinal grooves are provided near the crossings with tie-bars, the length Tc of each of which is 10 to 40% of the average length of the longitudinal edges of two blocks axially adjacent to the tie-bar, each length measured along the longitudinal groove. Preferably, the lateral grooves in the crown region provided near the crossings with tie-bars, the length Ta of each of which is 10 to 40% of the average length of the lateral edges of two blocks circumferentially adjacent to the tie-bar, each length measured along the lateral groove.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pneumatic tire that can be mounted on a rim (wheel) to assure good engagement with the rim while preventing the occurrence of rim offsets. The bead portion 4a (as indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1) on the front side of a tire 1 which is later mounted on the rim has a bead base diameter .phi..sub.1, a toe portion angle .phi..sub.1, a contact angle .alpha..sub.1 , and a heel portion radius R.sub.1, whereas the bead portion 4b (as indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 1) on the back side of the tire which is first mounted on the rim has a bead base diameter .phi..sub.2, a toe portion angle .theta..sub.2, a contact angle .alpha..sub.2 and a heel portion radius R.sub.2. The bead portion 4a on the front side has a different shape than the bead portion 4b on the back side and the following two relationships hold between the two bead portions; the angle of .theta..sub.2 of the toe portion on the back side should be greater than the angle .theta..sub.

Abstract: A method of producing 3-bromobenzaldehyde is disclosed, wherein, upon producing 3-bromobenzaldehyde by allowing benzaldehyde to react with bromine in the presence of brominating catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane being a reaction solvent, 1,2-dichloroethane having been used for aforesaid reaction as a reaction solvent is recovered and, after the recovered solvent is allowed first to react with chlorine in the presence of above brominating catalyst, the reaction is performed by the addition of benzaldehyde and bromine. Foregoing 1,2-dichloroethane recovered may be brought to the reaction with chlorine with or without adding fresh 1,2-dichloroethane and above brominating catalyst is preferably aluminum chloride.