Abstract: A superconducting material includes a mixture which includes iron particles and potassium as main components.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a proton-conducting solid electrolyte, a fuel electrode provided on one side of the solid electrolyte, and an oxidant electrode provided on the other side of the solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte includes at least one internal electrode therein. The fuel cell further includes a polarizing means for electrochemically polarizing the at least one internal electrode for oxidizing, or reducing, a fuel, or an oxidant, passing through an inside of the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A polymer solid electrolyte type fuel cell includes an internal electrode in an ion exchange membrane made of a proton conductor, a voltage application device provided between the internal electrode and one of a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode. Applying voltage to the internal electrode makes it possible to control fuel and/or oxidizer movements in the electrolyte.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a proton-conducting solid electrolyte membrane, an oxidant electrode provided on one side of the solid electrolyte membrane, a fuel electrode provided on the other side of the solid electrolyte membrane, and a polarizing device included in at least one of the oxidant electrode and the fuel electrode, the polarizing device when included in the oxidant electrode being served for a polarization thereof in order to oxidize a fuel that comes thereto after passing through the solid electrolyte membrane, the polarizing device when included in the fuel electrode being served for a polarization thereof in order to reduce the oxidant that comes thereto after passing through the solid electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell, which includes an electrolyte comprising at least one proton conductor; a fuel electrode provided on a first side of the electrolyte; an oxidant electrode provided on a second side of the electrolyte; at least one internal electrode provided in the electrolyte; and an electric voltage application means provided either between the internal electrode and the fuel electrode or between the internal electrode and the oxidant electrode. Other embodiments include methods of making and using and controlling the fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for producing a separator for a fuel cell including, first, mixing carbon particles with thermoplastic resin particles to produce mixed particles, and kneading the mixed particles into pellets. Second, the pellets are extruded and formed into a sheet-form base material. Third, the sheet-form base material is grooved by rolling with a roller having a pattern on a peripheral surface thereof. The pattern on the roller is transferred on the separator to have a predetermined groove pattern.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a proton-conducting solid electrolyte, a fuel electrode provided on one side of the solid electrolyte, and an oxidant electrode provided on the other side of the solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte includes at least one internal electrode therein. The fuel cell further includes a polarizing means for electrochemically polarizing the at least one internal electrode for oxidizing, or reducing, a fuel, or an oxidant, passing through an inside of the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A polymer solid electrolyte type fuel cell is provided capable of preventing chemical deterioration of fuel cell constituent materials such as an ion exchange membrane and the like.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a conductive member includes a first conductive sheet molding step by forming a conductive material to have a sheet-shaped structure, a second conductive sheet molding step by forming a conductive material to have a sheet-shaped structure, a resin sheet molding step for molding a resin sheet containing a thermoplastic resin. At least either the first conductive sheet or the second conductive sheet is porous. The method for manufacturing the conductive member further includes an adhering step for adhering the resin sheet, which is sandwiched by the first and second conductive sheets, to the first and second conductive sheets with a heat-press method. The conductive member is used as a separator for use in a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for producing a separator for a fuel cell including, first, mixing carbon particles with thermoplastic resin particles to produce mixed particles, and kneading the mixed particles into pellets. Second, the pellets are extruded and formed into a sheet-form base material. Third, the sheet-form base material is grooved by rolling with a roller having a pattern on a peripheral surface thereof. The pattern on the roller is transferred on the separator to have a predetermined groove pattern.

Abstract: A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell has (a) a positive electrode, (b) a negative electrode, and (c) a solid polyelectrolyte membrane containing water, between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, where the water content of portions of the solid polyelectrolyte membrane adjacent to the negative electrode is greater than the water content of portions of the solid polyelectrolyte membrane adjacent to the positive electrode. The cell outputs high voltage and has good properties.

Abstract: A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell has (a) a positive electrode, (b) a negative electrode, and (c) a solid polyelectrolyte membrane containing water, between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, where the water content of portions of the solid polyelectrolyte membrane adjacent to the negative electrode is greater than the water content of portions of the solid polyelectrolyte membrane adjacent to the positive electrode. The cell outputs high voltage and has good properties.

Abstract: A solid polyelectrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, comprises a synthetic resin comprising main chains and side chains, the main chains having a copolymer structure of a first olefin hydrocarbon and an olefin perfluorocarbon, the side chains having a sulfonic acid group containing crosslinked copolymer structure of a second olefin hydrocarbon and a diolefin hydrocarbon. The solid polyelectrolyte membrane is an inexpensive, solid polyelectrolyte membrane for fuel cells, of which the water content is controlled so that it does not cause too much wetting of electrode catalysts.

Abstract: A solid polyelectrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes (a) a hydrocarbon polymer grafted fluorine polymer, which contains sulfonic acid groups, and (b) whisker fibers, fixed to the grafted fluorine polymer. The fiber may be surface-treated with a silane coupling agent which reacts with the fluorine polymer and the fibers, prior to graft-copolymerization.

Abstract: A solid-polymer-electrolyte membrane for a polymer-electrolyte fuel cell is formed of a synthetic resin. The synthetic resin includes a main chain, and a hydrocarbon-based side chain. The main chain is formed as a film, and formed of a copolymer made from a fluorocarbon-based vinyl monomer and a hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer. The hydrocarbon-based side chain involves a sulfonic group. The solid-polymer-electrolyte membrane exhibits a high strength and flexibility, but a low electric resistance, and can be produced at a reduced manufacturing cost. Thus, the solid-polymer-electrolyte membrane can be effectively applied to construct polymer-electrolyte fuel cells.

Abstract: A solid-polymer-electrolyte membrane for a polymer-electrolyte fuel cell is formed of a synthetic resin. The synthetic resin includes a main chain, and a hydrocarbon-based side chain. The main chain is formed as a film, and formed of a copolymer made from a fluorocarbon-based vinyl monomer and a hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer. The hydrocarbon-based side chain involves a sulfonic group. The solid-polymer-electrolyte membrane exhibits a high strength and flexibility, but a low electric resistance, and can be produced at a reduced manufacturing cost. Thus, the solid-polymer-electrolyte membrane can be effectively applied to construct polymer-electrolyte fuel cells.

Abstract: Novel polymers containing 6,6,6-tricyclic moieties pendant from the polymer backbone, their novel monomers, and novel conductive polymers formed by doping the novel polymers with an electron acceptor compound. The novel polymers are easily synthesized, are soluble in various solvents, and are more stable than conductive polymers having the tricyclics as repeating units in the polymer backbone. A preferred tricyclic is phenothiazine.

Abstract: A plastic electrically insulating substrate, having high thermal conductivity, for wiring circuit boards including a substrate having a front surface for mounting an electrical device back surface.The substrate is made of a laminate of a plurality of oriented sheets of one or more semicrystalline polymers having a uniform oriented direction of the sheets, and wherein the oriented direction of the sheets is arranged in the direction of the substrate thickness.