Abstract: Accurate radioactive surface contamination measurement, regardless of the size of the hand of the subject, is obtained with a radiation monitor having a hand monitoring section including a first detecting unit that may be fixed and a second detecting unit that may be movable arranged opposite one another, an insertion opening connected to an insertion space defined between the units into which the hand is inserted, and a displacing mechanism that displaces the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit relatively to each other into closer proximity upon insertion of the hand. The hand monitoring section detects radioactive rays emitted from radioactive materials attracted to the hand of the subject with one of the palm of the hand or the back of the hand being made to face the fixed detecting unit side and the other being made to face the movable detecting unit side.

Abstract: Accurate radioactive surface contamination measurement, regardless of the size of the hand of the subject, is obtained with a radiation monitor having a hand monitoring section including a first detecting unit that may be fixed and a second detecting unit that may be movable arranged opposite one another, an insertion opening connected to an insertion space defined between the units into which the hand is inserted, and a displacing mechanism that displaces the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit relatively to each other into closer proximity upon insertion of the hand. The hand monitoring section detects radioactive rays emitted from radioactive materials attracted to the hand of the subject with one of the palm of the hand or the back of the hand being made to face the fixed detecting unit side and the other being made to face the movable detecting unit side.

Abstract: Disclosed are an assay to identify modulators of the PD-1:PD-L pathway and PD-1:PD-L pathway modulators, e.g., compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Methods for treating diseases influenced by modulation of the PD-1:PD-L pathway such as, for example, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, allergies, transplant rejection, cancer, immune deficiency, and other immune system-related disorders, are also disclosed.