Abstract: An endoscope apparatus comprises: an endoscope comprising an imaging device that forms a color image signal of a body to be observed; a storage portion that stores matrix data for forming a spectral image based on the color image signal; a spectral image-forming circuit that conducts matrix calculation based on the color image signal by using the matrix data of the storage portion and forms at least one spectral image signal each of which corresponds to an arbitrarily selected wavelength range; and an amplifier circuit that amplifies said at least one spectral image signal formed by the spectral image-forming circuit.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus comprises: an endoscope comprising an imaging device that forms a color image signal of a body to be observed; a storage portion that stores matrix data regarding a wavelength range in which a spectral image is constituted; a spectral image forming circuit that conducts matrix calculation based on the color image signals by using the matrix data of the storage portion and forms a spectral image of a selected wavelength range; and a wavelength selecting section that selects the wavelength range of the spectral image formed by the spectral image forming circuit through a continuous changeover or a step-wise changeover.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus comprises: an endoscope comprising an imaging device that forms color image signals of a body to be observed; a Y/C signal processing circuit that forms brightness/color difference signals from a color image signal obtained by the imaging device; a storage portion that stores Y/C matrix data for forming a spectral image based on the brightness/color difference signals; and a Y/C spectral image forming circuit that conducts matrix calculation by the Y/C matrix data of the storage portion and the brightness/color difference signals output from the Y/C signal processing circuit and forms a spectral image of an arbitrarily selected wavelength range.

Abstract: A method capable of obtaining a fluorescence image and a background image with a simple configuration. A color image is obtained, when excitation light is emitted on a subject, by imaging excitation light reflected from the subject and fluorescence emitted from the subject. Thereafter, an estimated spectral image that includes a background image representing the excitation light and a fluorescence image representing the fluorescence is generated by allocating a wavelength component of the excitation light and a wavelength component of the fluorescence included in the obtained color image to different primary color components.

Abstract: A vehicle steering apparatus for improving steering feel when changing the angle of a steered wheel with a motor. An IFS torque compensation unit includes an oversteer IFS torque compensation gain calculation unit, which obtains a larger IFS torque compensation gain as a control target element increases during oversteer control. When an oversteer state occurs, the IFS torque compensation control unit outputs a corrected gain, which is based on the IFS torque compensation gain.

Abstract: A spectral image obtainment unit obtains spectral image data by receiving reflection light in different wavelength bands, into which light reflected by a living body mucous membrane has been separated, at a light receiving unit by causing a ratio of a light receiving level in a short wavelength band with respect to a light receiving level in a long wavelength band to be greater than a ratio of spectral reflectance in the short wavelength band at the living body mucous membrane with respect to spectral reflectance in the long wavelength band thereat. A spectral image data operation unit performs a spectral image estimation operation by correcting the value of the spectral image data to that of spectral image data obtained by receiving light without causing the ratio to increase. Accordingly, a diagnostic spectral image of the living body mucous membrane is obtained in an electronic endoscopic apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle including a steer-by-wire type steering device controlling yaw moment of the vehicle in correspondence with an operation of a steering wheel mechanically separated from each of wheels. The wheels are configured such that a steered angle cannot be changed. The steering device has a power distribution device capable of changing a distribution rate of power applied to each of the wheels, and a braking force control device capable of separately controlling a braking force for each of the wheels. The steering device controls a yaw moment of the vehicle by separately controlling the power applied to each of the wheels and the braking force in each of the wheels.

Abstract: The control system of a vehicle controls the transmission ratio of the steering angle of a steering wheel relative to a turning angle of front wheels based on a drive force distribution ratio. Thus, the performance of the tires on the front wheels can be used to almost maximum potential, providing effective prevention of understeering.

Abstract: A first system and a second system include a first motor and a second motor for driving a steering mechanism in dependence on the rotational manipulation of a steering wheel. A first ECU and a second ECU mutually monitor abnormalities of the systems each to stop an abnormal system. When the respective systems are normal, the first ECU and the second ECU drivingly control the first motor and the second motor of their own systems to drive the steering mechanism by cooperation of the respective motors. When either one of the both systems is abnormal, the ECU of the other system solely drivingly controls the motor of its own system thereby to drive the steering mechanism. Thus, it can be realized to make the systems low in cost irrespective of the provision of the plural systems.

Abstract: A vehicle control system including a range selector having a shift lever operated by a driver of a vehicle, a shift control device for controlling the switching of a shift range of an automatic transmission of the vehicle in accordance with the range selecting operation of the shift lever, and an engine control device for controlling the switching of ON/OFF of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle in accordance with an engine switch operation of the shift lever.

Abstract: An improved oscillation scan mirror assembly comprises a shaft, a holder having a bearing with a bearing surface supporting the holder on the shaft, a scan mirror secured to the holder. The holder and therefore the mirror are oscillatable around the shaft under an oscillating driving force, and bearing and the shaft is prevented from being tilt from each other. Preferably, a lateral retaining force is provided to constantly keep the bearing and the shaft in an aligned contact with each other. Since the relative tilting between bearing and the shaft is prevented, the vertical wobble or vibration of bearing, and therefore of the holder and the mirror, relative to the shaft is therefore suppressed.

Abstract: A main body cloth including a crotch part that covers at least a part extending from ventral to hip, a first band-like elastic member is attached to a part extending from the upper end of the main body cloth onto hip to the upper ends at the main body cloth at positions respectively locating onto ilium crests in both sides. Then, second band-like elastic members are attached to a part extending from the upper ends of the main body cloth locating at positions onto ilium crests in both sides to positions in the vicinity of the both sides of public through inside the respective positions onto upper foregut bone spurs in both sides such that the distal ends of the elastic members are attached at a preset distance to each other.

Abstract: A vehicle including a steer-by-wire type steering device controlling yaw moment of the vehicle in correspondence with an operation of a steering wheel mechanically separated from each of wheels. The wheels are configured such that a steered angle cannot be changed. The steering device has a power distribution device capable of changing a distribution rate of power applied to each of the wheels, and a braking force control device capable of separately controlling a braking force for each of the wheels. The steering device controls a yaw moment of the vehicle by separately controlling the power applied to each of the wheels and the braking force in each of the wheels.

Abstract: In a steering system 30, a transmission ratio R1 which is determined in dependence on the vehicle speed by reference to a transmission ratio decision map is multiplied with a first transmission ratio alteration gain g10 which is determined in dependence on the distribution of a traveling drive torque from an engine 11 to front wheels 14 and rear wheels 15, thereby to alter the ratio R1 of steering torque distribution from a steering handle 31 to the front wheels 14, whereby the variation of the steering feeling due to an increase or decrease in the distribution of the traveling drive torque to the front wheels 14 can be suppressed. Further, the transmission ratio R1 is multiplied with a second transmission ratio alteration gain g11 which is determined in dependence on the gradient of the road surface by reference to a second transmission ratio alteration map, thereby to alter the transmission ratio R1, whereby the variation of the steering feeling due to the variation of the gradient can also be suppressed.

Abstract: An endoscopic system that processes a color image data of a subject from an imager mounted on an endoscope and records the processed image data in an image recorder/display unit, the endoscopic system comprising: a storage that stores matrix data for forming a spectral image; and a spectral-image forming circuit that is capable of forming (i) a spectral image in an arbitrarily-selected wavelength band according to a matrix operation of the matrix data in the storage and the color image data and (ii) a standard image according to a matrix operation of standard-image matrix data and the color image data, the standard-image matrix data being for forming a standard image.

Abstract: An endoscope having a color space conversion circuit performs a matrix calculation according to RGB signals and matrix data respectively corresponding to signals in wavelength ranges is provided with a wavelength memory section having a default data memory area, which stores a default value representing a wavelength range selected by a wavelength selection section, and a changed-wavelength saving area that stores a wavelength range selected by the wavelength selection section after changed from the wavelength range represented by the default value. Subsequently, at least a part of the wavelength range stored in the changed-wavelength saving area is rewritten by a reset section into the default value stored in the default data memory area.

Abstract: A spectral image obtainment unit obtains spectral image data by receiving reflection light in different wavelength bands, into which light reflected by a living body mucous membrane has been separated, at a light receiving unit by causing a ratio of a light receiving level in a short wavelength band with respect to a light receiving level in a long wavelength band to be greater than a ratio of spectral reflectance in the short wavelength band at the living body mucous membrane with respect to spectral reflectance in the long wavelength band thereat. A spectral image data operation unit performs a spectral image estimation operation by correcting the value of the spectral image data to that of spectral image data obtained by receiving light without causing the ratio to be greater. Accordingly, a diagnostic spectral image of the living body mucous membrane is obtained in an electronic endoscopic apparatus.

Abstract: It is possible to blast air on a surface portion of a measured object from a hole of pressing means, project illumination light in a concentric pattern with an optical element and shoot the measured object with a CCD so as to visually grasp hardness distribution on the surface portion from distortion of the concentric pattern displayed on an observed image. As for the hardness distribution, it is possible to detect luminance distribution of a measured object image obtained by the CCD so as to display the concentric pattern which is the luminance distribution as a conspicuous representation of the hardness distribution. And the luminance distribution can also be represented in the concentric pattern by multiplying a luminance value by an overflowing coefficient.

Abstract: A turning device that can be combined with a suspension mechanism without requiring significant modification to existing suspension mechanisms, and that provides a compact design when combined with a suspension mechanism. In a turning device according to the present invention, a main device unit, containing a turning motor and a differential speed reducer, and a turning output member that rotates relative to the main device unit are positioned roughly co-axially with a kingpin shaft. This makes it possible to reduce the amount by which the turning device projects in the direction perpendicular to the kingpin shaft. As a result, compared to conventional technologies, the turning device can be combined without significantly modifying the structure of an existing double wishbone suspension mechanism, and the overall structure that combines the double wishbone suspension mechanism and the turning device can be made compact.

Abstract: An improved oscillation scan mirror assembly comprises a shaft, a holder having a bearing with a bearing surface supporting the holder on the shaft, a scan mirror secured to the holder. The holder and therefore the mirror are oscillatable around the shaft under an oscillating driving force, and bearing and the shaft is prevented from being tilt from each other. Preferably, a lateral retaining force is provided to constantly keep the bearing and the shaft in an aligned contact with each other. Since the relative tilting between bearing and the shaft is prevented, the vertical wobble or vibration of bearing, and therefore of the holder and the mirror, relative to the shaft is therefore suppressed.