Abstract: A reducer and a method for conducting dot etching processing using the reducer, the reducer comprising (1) an amino polycarboxylic acid ferric chelate compound having an oxidation-reduction potential of -100 mV or above, (2) a complexing agent, and (3) at least one member of the compounds represented by the following general formulae (IA) to (VIIA). ##STR1## All symbols are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method for producing color images comprising developing a negative silver halide color photographic materials and an internal latent-image type direct positive silver halide color photogaphic material, with the same developer having a pH of 9.0 to 11.5, said direct positive photographic material containing at least one compound represented by formula (N-I) as nucleating agent and at least one compound represented by (I) or (II) as magenta coupler, thereby ensuring high color reproducibility to both photographic materials: ##STR1## wherein the symbols and substituents of said formulae are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic material which comprises processing an imagewise exposed silver halide photographic material with a processing solution having a fixing ability containing (1) a thiosulfate As disclosed, wherein said processing solution having a fixing ability further contains at least one of (2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a bisulfite and a sulfite, and a compound represented by formula (A'): ##STR1## wherein R'.sub.1, R'.sub.2, R'.sub.3, R'.sub.4 and R'.sub.5 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent other than a hydroxyl group or a group containing a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one of R'.sub.1 to R'.sub.5 is at least one of a sulfo group and a group constaining a sulfo group and (3) at least one bisulfite addition product of a compound represented by formula (A'). In the method, a fixing solution having a pH of from 5.0 to 9.

Abstract: A method for the processing of a silver halide photographic material is provided, which comprises the steps of;developing a silver halide photographic material which has been previously exposed to light,processing the developed silver halide photographic material with a bath which contains a thiosulfate and which has a fixing ability, andsubsequently subjecting the developed silver halide photographic material to washing and/or stabilizing in a multi-stage countercurrent process, wherein the multi-stage countercurrent process includes a reverse osmosis membrane and a washing solution and/or stabilizing solution, said solution containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sulfinic acid, a sulfinate and a carbonyl compound-bisulfurous acid addition product.

Abstract: In a method for processing at least 2 kinds of silver halide color photographic light-sensitive materials comprising the steps of development, bleach-fixing, water washing and/or stabilization, the method comprises processing, in a common bleach-fixing bath and a common water washing or stabilization bath directly subsequent thereto, one silver halide color photographic light sensitive material having, applied to a substrate, a silver halide emulsion layer which contains, on average, not less than 3 mole % of silver iodide and another silver halide color photographic light sensitive material having applied to a substrate a silver halide emulsion layer which is substantially free of silver iodide, the water washing or stabilization bath containing at least one nonionic surfactant. The amount of replenisher for the bleach-fixing bath and the water washing or stabilizing bath is reduced to not more than 400 ml/m.sup.2 for color paper or not more than 800 m1/m.sup.2 for color negative film.

Abstract: A method for continuously processing silver halide color photographic materials using a roller conveyor type of an automatic developing apparatus, comprising:cleaning the entire surface of a roller located over solution surface of at least one of processing baths in the automatic developing apparatus in which at least one of said processing baths comprises the color developing bath by a rinsing water replenisher or a stabilizing replenisher as a substitute for the rinsing water replenisher, andintroducing the cleaning solution into the color developing bath containing at least one organic preservative selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV) and monosaccharides; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each represents hydrogen atoms, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted aryl groups or hetero aromatic groups, provided that both of R.sup.11 and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for bleaching a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing silver iodobromide after color-developing it. The object of the present invention is to speed up the bleaching treatment in the aforesaid method and to reduce the amount of waste liquor from the bleaching treatment. The present invention is characterized in that the bleaching is performed in the presence of a bleaching accelerator and that it is carried out while a bleaching solution is brought into contact with an anion-exchange resin.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic material is disclosed, comprising imagewise exposing the material and continuously processing the material in an automatic processor wherein the bleach-fixing bath contains(i) at least one organic acid ferric complex salt, and(ii) at least one sulfinic acid, and the open area value (X) of said bleach-fixing bath and the water washing bath during the processing is not more than 0.05 cm.sup.-1.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprises the steps of developing the light-sensitive material with a color developer containing an aromatic primary amine color developing agent, desilvering, washing with water and/or stabilizing the material in which at least one processing solution used in at least one step of the processing contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sulfinic acids and salts and precursors thereof. This method makes it possible to effectively prevent the formation of stains due to not only the components of the light-sensitive material per se but also those attributable to the processing solutions, during processing or storage with time, and to enhance the stability of processing solutions.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed, which comprises, after color development of an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic material, processing the developed silver halide color photographic material with a processing solution having a bleaching ability, wherein the silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material contains at least one DIR coupler having at its coupling active position a group which forms a development inhibitor or precursor thereof when released from the coupling active position of the coupler upon a coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent which is formed upon a color development reaction, and further decomposes into a compound having substantially no effect on photographic properties once discharged into a color developing solution wherein the half-life period of the development inhibitor or precursor thereof at pH 10.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic material for prints comprising a color developing step, a bleach-fixing step, and either a stabilizing step or a water washing step is described, wherein the silver halide color photographic material comprises a reflective support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing a silver halide having a silver chloride content of not less than 90 mol % and substantially not containing silver iodide, and the color developing step is conducted using a processing solution that does not substantially contain benzyl alcohol.According to the method of the present invention, the amount of water required in a water washing step or a stabilizing step can be greatly reduced without decreasing liquid stability of the water for washing or the stabilizing solution, and color prints having improved preservability are obtained.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic material by the steps of (a) developing an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic material with a color developing solution substantially free from sulfite ions; and (b) immediately contacting the developed silver halide color photographic material with a bleach-fixing solution containing at least one of (i) from 1.times.10.sup.-2 mol to 2 mol of bromide ions and (ii) from 5.times.10.sup.-4 mol to 5.times.10.sup.-2 mol of iodide ions per liter.In accordance with the method of the invention, silver removal is fully accomplished and the formation of leuco dye is prevented even in rapid processing. Further, the formation of color stain is also prevented.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic material in which the material is, after color-developed, processed in a bath having bleaching ability and then in a bath having fixing ability, wherein a bleaching agent in the bath having bleaching ability is at least one iron(III) complex of an aminopolycarboxylic acid of the following formula (I) and the bath having fixing ability contains at least one organic phosphonic acid: ##STR1## wherein n represents 3, 4 or 5, and is preferable 3.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material is disclosed comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support, wherein at least one type of development inhibitor releasing type coupler is present which, by means of a coupling reaction with the oxidized form of a primary aromatic amine developing agent, releases a precursor of a compound, the precursor inhibiting the development of silver halide which subsequently, by means of an electron transfer reaction via an ethylenic conjugated chain, releases a compound which inhibits the development of silver halide, and at least one type of bleach accelerating agent releasing type coupler is present which, by means of a coupling reaction with the oxidized form of primary aromatic amine developing agent, releases a bleach accelerating agent or a precursor thereof.

Abstract: A method for forming a direct positive color image by image-wise exposing to light a light-sensitive material having at least one internal latent image type silver halide emulsion layer which is unfogged and color image-forming couplers on a support; either (1) subjecting the resulting material to fogging exposure to light and/or processing it with a nucleating agent before development, and then developing the resulting material with a surface developing solution containing an aromatic primary amine type color developing agent, or (2) developing the material after the image-wise exposure with a surface developing solution containing an aromatic primary amine type color developing agent under fogging exposure and/or in the presence of a nucleating agent; and bleach-fixing the resulting material, wherein the color developing solution contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV): ##STR1## wherein X represent

Abstract: A carbonated beverage is produced which comprises a low-calorie sweetener such as aspartame, and a cold water-soluble natural gum, particularly gum arabic. It is a low calorie beverage which possesses excellent palatability and a reduced tendency to cause dental caries.

Abstract: Silver halide color photographic materials, and processes for processing photographic materials, are described, involving the use of at least one of a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II) ##STR1## wherein A represents an n-valent aliphatic linkage group, an aromatic linkage group or a heterocyclic group (when n is 1, A represents an aliphatic group, aromatic group, heterocyclic group, or hydrogen atom); X represents --O--, --S--, or ##STR2## (wherein, R.sup.4 represents a lower alkyl group); R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a lower alkylene group; said R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, said R.sup.1 and A, said R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, said R.sup.2 and A, or said R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for forming a direct positive color image is disclosed, the process comprising imagewise exposing a photosensitive material containing at least one emulsion layer of silver halide of internal latent image type, which has not been preliminarily fogged, and a color image-forming coupler; developing said material using a surface developing solution containing an aromatic primary amine color developing agent in the presence of a nucleating agent and/or in the condition that fogging exposure is carried out prior to the developing step or during the developing step; bleaching; and fixing, wherein said color coupler is a compound which is in itself substantially nondiffusible, and capable of forming or releasing a substantially nondiffusible dye upon oxidative coupling with said aromatic primary amine color developing agent and said development processing is carried out at a pH of 11.

Abstract: A novel method for processing a silver halide color photographic material. The process comprises imagewise exposing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material to light, color-developing the light-sensitive material, and then desilvering the light-sensitive material, wherein: (a) said silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material contains a compound which reacts with an oxidation product of anaromatic primary amine color developing agent to form a bleaching accelerator, (b) the desilvering step is conducted with a processing solution containing a ferric complex salt of an organic acid, and (c) the total amount of replenisher of the processing solution to be used in the desilvering step satisfies either the following conditions (i) or (ii):(i) the total amount of replenisher is 1,000 ml or less per m.sup.2 of the light-sensitive material if the coated amount of silver per m.sup.2 of the light-sensitive material is 2.

Abstract: A novel silver halide color photographic material containing a desilvering accelerator releasing compound, which comprises at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on a support, wherein at least one of said emulsion layer and a non-light sensitive hydrophilic layer(s) contains at least one compound represented by the formula (I)PWR--Time--.sub.t BA (I)wherein PWR represents a group which undergoes reduction to release (Time--.sub.t BA; BA represents a group which becomes a desilvering accelerator after being released; Time represents a group which releases BA through a reaction after being released from PWR as (Time--.sub.t BA; and t represents an integer of 0 or 1.