Abstract: An information processing system includes a plurality of computers, a plurality of relay devices having a memory which stores a first parameter combination for selecting a first transfer path from a plurality of paths for coupling to each of the plurality of computers, and a management computer which stores, in the memory, a second parameter combination for selecting a second transfer path from the plurality of paths when a traffic of any one of couplings for coupling each of the plurality of relay devices exceeds a given amount, wherein the plurality of relay devices set a transfer destination of received data by selecting information corresponding to computer combination information included in the received data from any one of the first parameter combination and the second parameter combination.

Abstract: A network control apparatus is configured to detect connection relationships among a plurality of network switches in a communication network. The network control apparatus transmits a control signal to a first network switch, where the control signal commands the first network switch to transmit a first topology detection signal from a first plurality of ports provided for the first network switch. The network control apparatus receives, from a second network switch that has received the first topology detection signal, a response signal including topology information that has been detected by the second network switch from the first topology detection signal, and, based on the topology information included in the response signal, controls selection of a target port, via which to transmit a second topology detection signal, from among a second plurality of ports provided for the second network switch.

Abstract: A grinding method for grinding a plurality of platelike workpieces at a time is provided. The workpieces are attached to a support member and held on a chuck table. A grinding wheel is brought into contact with the workpieces to grind the workpieces at a time. The grinding wheel includes a disk-shaped wheel base having a first surface, a plurality of first abrasive members arranged annularly on the first surface of the wheel base, and a plurality of second abrasive members arranged annularly on the first surface of the wheel base radially inside the first abrasive members in a concentric relationship with the first abrasive members. The radial spacing between the first abrasive members and the second abrasive members is set larger than the minimum spacing between any adjacent ones of the workpieces.

Abstract: An information processing method includes dispersively assigning a virtual machine and a storage device that stores data to be processed by the virtual machine, to a combination of data centers coupled to each other through a relay device, reducing a response time from a time when a request for a process is transmitted to the virtual machine to a time when a result of the process is returned from the virtual machine after accessing to the storage device through the relay device by the virtual machine.

Abstract: An optical network includes: an optical switch; a plurality of optical interface devices provided respectively for a plurality of servers and connected to the optical switch; and a manager to manage communication traffic of the plurality of servers. Each of the optical interface devices includes a fixed-wavelength optical transmitter and a wavelength tunable optical transmitter. A first optical path is set up via the optical switch by using the fixed-wavelength optical transmitters of the plurality of optical interface devices. The manager identifies first and second optical interface devices from among the plurality of optical interface devices in accordance with the communication traffic of the plurality of servers. A second optical path is set up between the first and second optical interface devices via the optical switch by using the wavelength tunable optical transmitters of the first and second optical interface devices.

Abstract: An optical communication system includes a plurality of wavelength selective switches arranged on an optical network; and an optical network management apparatus configured to manage and control the optical network. In response to a path establishing request, the optical network management apparatus determines power consumption of each path that satisfies the path establishing request in the optical network based upon a wavelength being used at a connection port of each of the wavelength selective switches, selects a route based upon the determined power consumption of each of the path, and sets the selected route in the optical network.

Abstract: An OpenFlow switch used in an OpenFlow network including a plurality of OpenFlow switches and an OpenFlow controller configured to control the plurality of OpenFlow switches includes: a failure detector configured to detect a failure of a link connected to the OpenFlow controller; and a channel management unit configured to establish an OpenFlow channel to transmit control information to the OpenFlow controller through another OpenFlow switch among the plurality of OpenFlow switches when a failure is detected by the failure detector.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a white LED that emits synthesized light of the excitation light and the fluorescence, a CCD that picks up an image of an observation part, a brightness detecting section that detects brightness of an optical image of the observation part based on an image pickup signal outputted by the CCD, a light adjusting circuit that adjusts driving time of the semiconductor light source, a color correction parameter deriving section that derives a first color correction parameter for correcting a gain of a color component signal related to the excitation light in a video signal, and a second color correction parameter for correcting a gain of a color component signal related to the fluorescence, and a color tone varying section that corrects the excitation-light-related gain with the first color correction parameter, and corrects fluorescence-related gain with the second color correction parameter.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes a generation unit to generate a plurality of entries to be supplied with the switch, the plurality of entries being stored in a storage, a transmission unit to transmit to the switch an integration entry that the plurality of entries is integrated in an integration rule, the switch storing the plurality of entries in a table used for processing input packets, an acquisition unit to acquire the plurality of entries from the storage, and a control unit to perform re-integration processing including generating a re-integration entry integrated the plurality of entries and an additional entry in a re-integration rule created based on content of the plurality of entries and the additional entry, the re-integration entry being transmitted to the switch.

Abstract: A gateway apparatus relays communication between first and second servers provided in a data center and an external communication apparatus located outside the data center. A control apparatus obtains an observation result obtained by observing a communication amount being an amount of data transmitted/received per unit time for each of virtual machines operating in the first and second servers in association with a transmission source and a destination of the data. When the first number of hops is smaller than the second number of hops, the control apparatus controls an arrangement of the virtual machines so that the virtual machine whose communication amount with the external communication apparatus is larger is more likely to be placated in the first server.

Abstract: A packet processing apparatus receiving a packet includes a memory storing a flow information, and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to, when a processing method for the received packet is defined in the flow information, store the packet into a buffer in the packet processing apparatus and process the packet stored in the buffer using the processing method, when the processing method is not defined in the flow information and a utilization rate of the buffer exceeds a threshold value, transmit the packet to another packet processing apparatus, and when the processing method is not defined in the flow information and the utilization rate of the buffer does not exceed the threshold value, store the packet into the buffer and issue an inquiry about the processing method.

Abstract: A control circuit for a frame memory includes a divider, a frame memory, a read control circuit, and a write control circuit. The divider divides image data into subfield data according to a plurality of subfields, where the image data is provided in synchronization with a first synchronization signal and in a unit of a frame. The frame memory has a plurality of blocks to store the subfield data. The read control circuit sequentially reads the subfield data from the blocks in synchronization with a second synchronization signal. The write control circuit writes new data to a first block before data written in a second block is read, and after data written in the first block is read by the read control circuit. The second synchronization signal may have a same cycle as the first synchronization signal and may be delayed by a preset delay time.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a white LED that emits synthesized light of the excitation light and the fluorescence, a CCD that picks up an image of an observation part, a brightness detecting section that detects brightness of an optical image of the observation part based on an image pickup signal outputted by the CCD, a light adjusting circuit that adjusts driving time of the semiconductor light source, a color correction parameter deriving section that derives a first color correction parameter for correcting a gain of a color component signal related to the excitation light in a video signal, and a second color correction parameter for correcting a gain of a color component signal related to the fluorescence, and a color tone varying section that corrects the excitation-light-related gain with the first color correction parameter, and corrects fluorescence-related gain with the second color correction parameter.

Abstract: A diagnostic marker is composed of particles that have a diameter of from 1 nm to 100 ?m, the particles possessing on their surfaces a site that has a high specific bonding ability to a specific antigen residing on the mucosa of digestive cancers and a site that has a low bonding ability to the mucosa of digestive organs, and further incorporating an identification material.

Abstract: An information processing method includes dispersively assigning a virtual machine and a storage device that stores data to be processed by the virtual machine, to a combination of data centers coupled to each other through a relay device, reducing a response time from a time when a request for a process is transmitted to the virtual machine to a time when a result of the process is returned from the virtual machine after accessing to the storage device through the relay device by the virtual machine.

Abstract: An information processing system includes a relay apparatus configured to select a first route by an operation on the basis of a first address in a packet, and a computer configured to change, when congestion occurs in the first route, an address in the packet from the first address to a second address which causes the relay apparatus to select a second route having a destination the same as that of the first route by the operation.

Abstract: An information processing system includes a plurality of computers, a plurality of relay devices having a memory which stores a first parameter combination for selecting a first transfer path from a plurality of paths for coupling to each of the plurality of computers, and a management computer which stores, in the memory, a second parameter combination for selecting a second transfer path from the plurality of paths when a traffic of any one of couplings for coupling each of the plurality of relay devices exceeds a given amount, wherein the plurality of relay devices set a transfer destination of received data by selecting information corresponding to computer combination information included in the received data from any one of the first parameter combination and the second parameter combination.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a first light-emitting element to generate an illumination light with a first light emission intensity to be applied to a subject, and a second light-emitting element to generate an illumination light with a second light emission intensity, including at least light with a wavelength different from the illumination light generated from the first light-emitting element. The first light-emitting element and second light-emitting element are arranged, so that the peaks of the first emission intensity and second emission intensity become identical.

Abstract: A driving apparatus supplies a drive signal to an optical modulator corresponding to a phase modulation format, and also, divides a part of an output light from the optical modulator; extracts some optical component of the divided light, which is distant from a carrier frequency by integral multiple of a modulation frequency, to detect a power of the optical component; and feedback controls a duty ratio of the drive signal or a cross-point level thereof so that the detected power approaches a minimum value. Thus, it is possible to stably perform phase modulation with high precision.

Abstract: An optical module includes a mirror which reflects input light and which outputs output light; and a mirror control section which is opposite to the mirror and which controls, at the time of the input light being reflected from a reflecting surface of the mirror, the reflecting surface by distorting the reflecting surface according to voltage applied to the mirror so as to output the output light an optical coupling characteristic of which changes. By using this optical module, the optical coupling characteristic of the output light changes.