Abstract: An antibacterial member that maintains a high antibacterial property and a high osteoconductive property for a long duration is provided. The antibacterial member includes a DLC film (F-DLC film) 40 containing fluorine at least partially or entirely on an outermost surface of a base material 10. The F-DLC film has an element ratio (F/(F+C)) of 17% to 72% and a nanoindentation hardness of 2,000 MPa to 16,000 MPa. This maintains wear resistance and close contact, and obtains an antibacterial member that maintains a high antibacterial property and a high osteoconductive property for a long duration. The F-DLC film does not necessarily need to cover the entire outermost surface of the base material but may be disposed in a mottled pattern.

Abstract: An antibacterial member that maintains a high antibacterial property and a high osteoconductive property for a long duration is provided. The antibacterial member includes a DLC film (F-DLC film) 40 containing fluorine at least partially or entirely on an outermost surface of a base material 10. The F-DLC film has an element ratio (F/(F+C)) of 17% to 72% and a nanoindentation hardness of 2,000 MPa to 16,000 MPa. This maintains wear resistance and close contact, and obtains an antibacterial member that maintains a high antibacterial property and a high osteoconductive property for a long duration. The F-DLC film does not necessarily need to cover the entire outermost surface of the base material but may be disposed in a mottled pattern.

Abstract: A process is provided for coupled microbial saccharide fermentation and esterification to produce an esterified fermentation product from a saccharide. A microorganism capable of fermenting a saccharide to produce a water-soluble organic acid, alcohol or acetylcoenzyme A, and capable of producing an esterase or alcohol acetyltransferase is attached to a hydrophilic carrier to immobilize the microorganism. The immobilized microorganism is contacted with a hydrophobic organic solvent having dissolved therein a water-insoluble alcohol, organic acid or aldehyde. The organic solvent at an interface is in contact with an aqueous medium containing a saccharide. The microorganism is grown at the interface to ferment the saccharide and produce a water-soluble organic acid, alcohol or acetylcoenzyme A.

Abstract: This invention provides an interface bioreactor system comprising (a) a reaction tank having (1) a reaction solvent placed therein, (2) a plurality of plate-like hydrophilic immobilizing carriers each having a thickness of 1 to 500 mm and packed therein so as to be arranged in a vertical position at intervals of 3 to 100 mm, the hydrophilic immobilizing carriers having a microorganism deposited and immobilized on the surfaces thereof in a growable or viable state and containing a liquid medium composed of water and nutrients necessary for the growth or survival of the microorganism, and (3) a sparger or agitator disposed at the bottom thereof; and (b) an aeration line connected with the reaction tank for supplying oxygen thereto. This system is highly efficient and can be scaled up easily.