Abstract: The invention purposes to provide a position information transmission method for accurately transmitting a position and a shape on a digital map with a small amount of data.

Abstract: The invention purposes to provide a position information transmission method for accurately transmitting a position and a shape on a digital map with a small amount of data.

Abstract: The invention purposes to provide a position information transmission method for accurately transmitting a position and a shape on a digital map with a small amount of data.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a polymer electrolyte material realizing excellent proton conductivity even when it comes into direct contact with liquid fuel at high temperature and high concentration, and excellent fuel barrier property and mechanical strength, as well as to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of high efficiency. A polymer electrolyte material of the present invention is characterized in that fraction Rw of non-freezing water shown by the equation (S1) below is 75 to 100% by weight, and an ionic group is included, in a moisture state taken out after 12-hour immersion in 1 to 30% by weight methanol aqueous solution at 40 to 80° C. and then 24-hour immersion in pure water at 20°: Rw=[Wnf/(Wfc+Wnf)]×100??(S1) (wherein, Wnf represents an amount of non-freezing water per 1 g of dry weight of polymer electrolyte material, Wfc represents an amount of lower-melting point water per 1 g of dry weight of polymer electrolyte material).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for compressing data of position information such as a road on a digital map in order to realize an accurate transmission of the position information in a small volume of data. A shape vector of an object road segment is resampled, and as this occurs, a sampling point is represented by quantized angle information. By selecting preferably the sampling point and an angle resolution of the quantized angle information, an error in position information can be reduced.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a method of coding the position information of a digital map in a small data volume by utilizing a compressing and coding technique. In a coding method of coding data indicative of a shape vector on a digital map, an arithmetic processing is carried out over position information about a node string and a shape which indicate the shape vector to be represented by data having a statistical deviation, and the data having the statistical deviation are coded to reduce a data volume. It is possible to considerably decrease a transmission data volume in the case in which the vector shape of the digital map is to be transferred.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a method of coding the position information of a digital map in a small data volume by utilizing a compressing and coding technique. In a coding method of coding data indicative of a shape vector on a digital map, an arithmetic processing is carried out over position information about a node string and a shape which indicate the shape vector to be represented by data having a statistical deviation, and the data having the statistical deviation are coded to reduce a data volume. It is possible to considerably decrease a transmission data volume in the case in which the vector shape of the digital map is to be transferred.

Abstract: In a coded data generation method of resampling a road shape for setting a plurality of nodes, arranging position information of each node represented by a deflection angle from the immediately preceding node to generate a data string of the deflection angles, converting the deflection angles into predicted difference values each indicating the difference from the predicted value, and variable-length coding the data string of the predicted difference values, the data string of the predicted difference values when the deflection angles are converted into the predicted difference values is evaluated and a prediction expression to calculate the predicted value is selected adaptively from among a plurality of prediction expressions ?=1, ?=2, ?=3, and ?=4 based on the evaluation result. The prediction expression to calculate the predicted value is selected adaptively in response to road shape A, B, C, D, so that the data compression effectiveness is enhanced.

Abstract: In a coded data generation method of resampling a road shape for setting a plurality of nodes, arranging position information of each node represented by a deflection angle from the immediately preceding node to generate a data string of the deflection angles, converting the deflection angles into predicted difference values each indicating the difference from the predicted value, and variable-length coding the data string of the predicted difference values, the data string of the predicted difference values when the deflection angles are converted into the predicted difference values is evaluated and a prediction expression to calculate the predicted value is selected adaptively from among a plurality of prediction expressions ?=1, ?=2, ?=3, and ?=4 based on the evaluation result. The prediction expression to calculate the predicted value is selected adaptively in response to road shape A, B, C, D, so that the data compression effectiveness is enhanced.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a method of transmitting position information of a digital map which can enhance matching precision on a receiving side. The invention provides a method of transmitting position information of a digital map in which a transmitting side transmits a vector shape on the digital map and a receiving side specifies the vector shape on a self-digital map by map matching, wherein the transmitting side selects a portion in which a plurality of candidate points are generated with difficulty during the map matching as an endpoint of the vector shape and transmits the vector shape having the endpoint in the portion to the receiving side. Mismatching on the receiving side can be prevented and the position information on the digital map can be transmitted accurately.

Abstract: A resample length L between sampling points to resample a linear object is set so that an error Er between the resample shape concatenating the sampling points as a line and the linear object does not exceed a predetermined allowable error. The allowable error is predefined and the resample length L is determined so as not to exceed the allowable error, so that the resample shape well follows the linear object.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a route information transmitting method for transmitting a recommended route or a guided route to a receiving side accurately in as small a volume of data as possible. In the route information transmitting method of the invention, a transmitting side provides the receiving side which requests information on a route with compressed data obtained by performing an arithmetic treatment on position data of a plurality of points aligned along a route so as to convert the position data into statistically biased data and variable length coding the data so converted. The receiving side decodes the compressed data so as to restore the position data to thereby identify the route through a map matching. Due to this, the route information can be transmitted accurately in a small volume of data.

Abstract: A transmission side transmits the road shape data of an object road 101 to be transmitted, and the branch shape data of a branch 20 intersecting with or branching from the object road 101. A reception side specifies the object road 101 on its own digital map with reference to the branch 20. In this method, the information indicating the shape of a branch or an intersection, which is liable to be erroneously identified, is transmitted as branch shape data to the reception side, so that the reception side can avoid the erroneous location identification. The branch shape 20 makes it possible to discriminate the object road 101 and a parallel road and to discriminate a discrepancy in the longitudinal direction of the object road 101, so that the erroneous location identification to the parallel road or the erroneous location identification in the longitudinal direction of the object road 101 can also be prevented.

Abstract: In a coded data generation method of resampling a road shape for setting a plurality of nodes, arranging position information of each node represented by a deflection angle from the immediately preceding node to generate a data string of the deflection angles, converting the deflection angles into predicted difference values each indicating the difference from the predicted value, and variable-length coding the data string of the predicted difference values, the data string of the predicted difference values when the deflection angles are converted into the predicted difference values is evaluated and a prediction expression to calculate the predicted value is selected adaptively from among a plurality of prediction expressions ?=1, ?=2, ?=3, and ?=4 based on the evaluation result. The prediction expression to calculate the predicted value is selected adaptively in response to road shape A, B, C, D, so that the data compression effectiveness is enhanced.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method of transmitting traveling path data that is capable of transmitting a traveling path accurately with a small data amount in a probe car system. An FCD in-vehicle device in the invention resamples a travel path traveled while measuring its position with a resampling segment length that is set by associating it with a range of road curvature, represents positional information of a sampling point by a statistically biased parameter, and variable-length-encodes this parameter value in transmitting it to an FCD collection apparatus. The FCD collection apparatus decodes received data to reproduce the positional information of the sampling point, and identifies the travel path by map matching using this positional information. The data amount of traveling path can be considerably reduced by encoding.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide a polymer electrolytic material excellent in proton conductivity and also excellent in fuel shutting property, and accordingly provide a polymer electrolytic fuel cell with a high efficiency. That is, the invention provides a polymer electrolytic material having an unfreezable water ratio Rw1 defined by the following expression (S1) in a range of 20 to 100% by weight in hydrated state: Rw1=[Wnf/(Wfc+Wnf)]×100 ??(S1) in which Wnf represents the unfreezable water content per 1 g of the polymer electrolytic material in dry state and Wfc represents the low freezing point water content per 1 g of the polymer electrolytic material in dry state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for compressing data of position information such as a road on a digital map in order to realize an accurate transmission of the position information in a small volume of data. A shape vector of an object road segment is resampled, and as this occurs, a sampling point is represented by quantized angle information. By selecting preferably the sampling point and an angle resolution of the quantized angle information, an error in position information can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a traffic information display method which presents traffic information so as to quantatively indicate the reliability and superiority of traffic information. The invention also provides a traffic information providing system which clearly communicates an “unknown” section to the receiving party. The invention represents the state volume of traffic information by the state volume of each sampling point set by segmenting a target road and represents traffic information by using the state volume of traffic information and gray scale information which displays the reliability of the state volume in multiple levels. The user thus understands how reliable the traffic information is and properly evaluates the traffic information. The traffic information may be used to perform a high-accuracy path search and provide traffic information at a reasonable cost.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to make it possible to compress shape information with high efficiency even with such data represent a shape of a short segment of road or the like, and further reduce the data amount. The starting-end location (starting-end node P1) of a branch lane shape data (11) connected to a main lane of a road or the like is on a main lane shape data (12), and therefore, the starting-end location information of the branch lane is represented by a relative location utilizing a main lane shape data. For example, the starting-end location is represented as [shape data number of main lane to be referenced]+[number of nodes from starting end of main lane]+[deviation angle from the orientation of the main lane shape].

Abstract: The invention has as an object to provide a traffic information providing system capable of compressing traffic information represented at an arbitrary detail level to a data volume corresponding to a different communications environment. The traffic information providing system includes: traffic information providing apparatus including means for generating sampling data from traffic information represented by a function of distance from a reference position on a road or a function of time and means for performing discrete wavelet transform on the sampling data to convert the traffic information to scaling coefficients and wavelet coefficients; and traffic information utilization apparatus for performing inverse wavelet transform on the scaling coefficients and wavelet coefficients received from the traffic information providing apparatus to restore the traffic information.