Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal optical device which produces a color display by using a light source mounted behind a liquid crystal panel and capable of emitting a plurality of different colors, wherein the period from the time the light source mounted on the back emits one color to the time the light source switches to the next color is set as a scanning period, and the scanning period comprises a selection period (Se), a non-selection period (NSe), and a reset period (Rs), the length of the reset period being equal to one half the scanning period, and wherein a black display state is effected in the reset period (Rs).

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises: an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element which includes an antiferroelectric liquid crystal that is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having a plurality of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes deposited respectively on the opposing surfaces thereof; and a light source which successively emits a plurality of different colors of light.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises: an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element which includes an antiferroelectric liquid crystal that is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having a plurality of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes deposited respectively on the opposing surfaces thereof; and a light source which successively emits a plurality of different colors of light.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid crystal panel having an alignment film, wherein an evaporated film is formed as the alignment film on the substrate, and wherein a portion of the evaporated film corresponding to each single pixel is split into a plurality of segments, and the evaporated film is formed with a different evaporation angle on each of the segments. The evaporation angle &thgr; which is different for each of the plurality of segments is set within a range of 80°≦&thgr;≦88° with respect to the layer normal to the substrate, and the plurality of split segments have approximately equal areas.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus is provided which incorporates a means for automatically obtaining an optimum drive voltage value for a liquid crystal panel. Drive voltages are applied through a voltage value adjusting circuit (18) to scanning electrodes (17) and signal electrodes (16) provided in the liquid crystal panel (15), and a display is produced on the liquid crystal panel in accordance with the applied drive voltage waveforms. A display capture device (20), which comprises a CCD device (13) and a lens (14), captures an optimum display image from the liquid crystal panel and stores it in a reference memory (10). Further, the display capture device (20) captures a display produced on the liquid crystal panel and stores it in a capture memory (11).

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal shutter that uses as a shutter a liquid crystal panel constructed by sandwiching DHF liquid crystal between a pair of substrates provided with one or more pixel electrodes and one or more counter electrodes, wherein a driving waveform for the panel has a write period comprising two subfields. In each of the subfields, a single pulse is applied to a pixel, the single pulse applied in one subfield being opposite in polarity to the single pulse applied in the other subfield. On the other hand, a constant voltage of 0 V or close to 0 V is applied to the pixel during a period in which neither of the single pulses is applied.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal display, which is equipped with an antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel having an antiferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, performs at least one scanning period when carrying out a display based on one set of display data, wherein the scanning period comprises a selection period for determining the state of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a non-selection period for holding the state determined in the selection period, and a reset period for resetting pixels to a black display state before initiating the selection period. The length of the reset period is adjusted according to the speed of change in the display data. Alternatively, the pixels are reset to a white display state in the reset period and, during that period, the backlight is turned off.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal display having: a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of a liquid crystal panel (10); a heater (102) for heating the liquid crystal panel (10); and a heater control circuit (17) for controlling the temperature of the liquid crystal panel (10), wherein the liquid crystal panel (10), while being driven to produce a display, is maintained at a temperature at which smectic layer spacing in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material sandwiched within the liquid crystal panel (10) becomes the smallest. In this antiferroelectric liquid crystal display, when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel (10), after power on, has reached the temperature at which the smectic layer spacing in the antiferroelectric liquid crystal material becomes the smallest, a layer structure control voltage waveform is applied to the liquid crystal panel (10).

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal panel with an antiferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates having scanning electrodes and signal electrodes, a display driving voltage waveform in which the peak value of a scanning voltage waveform applied during a selection period is set equal to the peak value of a scanning voltage waveform applied during a non-selection period is output as a layer structure controlling voltage waveform for a predetermined length of time. The liquid crystal panel includes a temperature sensor, and in accordance with the information output from the temperature sensor, the display driving voltage waveform with both peak values set equal is output as the layer structure controlling voltage waveform for the predetermined length of time.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal panel with an antiferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates having scanning electrodes and signal electrodes, a display driving voltage waveform in which the peak value of a scanning voltage waveform applied during a selection period is set equal to the peak value of a scanning voltage waveform applied during a non-selection period is output as a layer structure controlling voltage waveform for a predetermined length of time. The liquid crystal panel includes a temperature sensor, and in accordance with the information output from the temperature sensor, the display driving voltage waveform with both peak values set equal is output as the layer structure controlling voltage waveform for the optional length of time.

Abstract: A method realizes gradations on a display employing an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material. The method involves at least two scan periods to drive the display. The waveforms of voltages applied to the display in the two scan periods are symmetrical to each other with respect to 0 V. Each of the scan periods consists of a selected period and an unselected period. The waveform of a voltage applied in the selected period is modulated to control the response time of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal material and adjust the light transmittance thereof in the following unselected period.

Abstract: A method realizes gradations on a display employing an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material. The method involves at least two scan periods to drive the display. The waveforms of voltages applied to the display in the two scan periods are symmetrical to each other with respect to 0 V. Each of the scan periods consists of a selected period and an unselected period. The waveform of a voltage applied in the selected period is modulated to control the response time of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal material and adjust the light transmittance thereof in the following unselected period.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display using a liquid crystal exhibiting a smectic phase, a display of good quality is accomplished by alleviating the burn-in phenomenon caused by its layer structure or by an internal electric field induced by spontaneous polarization. To achieve this, the liquid crystal display is equipped with a display data conversion circuit which forcibly sets an arbitrary pixel into a prescribed display state for a prescribed period regardless of the display data to be written to the pixel, thereby correcting the change of its layer structure and preventing the internal electric field due to the spontaneous polarization occurring in the same direction from lasting for too long a period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal unit having a liquid crystal panel (2) that has an antiferroelectric liquid crystal or ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates (23a, 23b), and a backlight (1) for illuminating the liquid crystal panel (10). For improving image quality of a display screen, an amount of light output from the backlight is adjusted according to a change in conical angle, a change in temperature of use of the liquid crystal panel (10) or temperature at which the liquid crystal panel is usable, a change in polarization reverse current, a change in transmission light, or the like. An angle at which two sheet polarizers (21a, 21b) are arranged is adjusted according to the change. According to the present invention, a display screen with good image quality can be provided.

Abstract: In the driving of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel in which an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is inserted between a pair of substrates having a plurality of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes on the opposing surfaces thereof and there are arranged matrix forming pixels, by providing the period for bringing all the pixels simultaneously to the antiferroelectric state each time the display state of any one of the pixels is changed, the setting to the antiferroelectric state is completely carried out so that the period required for the writing of the pixels can be reduced, even if the length of the selection period for setting to the antiferroelectric state is the same as that of the selection period for setting to the ferroelectric state.

Abstract: A method realizes gradations on a display employing an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material. The method involves at least two scan periods to drive the display. The waveforms of voltages applied to the display in the two scan periods are symmetrical to each other with respect to 0 V. Each of the scan periods consists of a selected period and an unselected period. The waveform of a voltage applied in the selected period is modulated to control the response time of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal material and adjust the light transmittance thereof in the following unselected period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method and system for a display device adopting an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, and realizes a fast and excellent driving method for an antiferroelectric liquid-crystal display device in which, since the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is reset to a ferroelectric state at every writing, and the states of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal to be attained during a selection period and non-selection period respectively are defined, an after-image phenomenon can be alleviated. A scanning period is composed of a reset period, selection period, and non-selection period. During the reset period, the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is brought to a ferroelectric state. During the selection period, a pulse of 0 V or of opposite polarity is applied.

Abstract: An fuel supplying apparatus for supplying a fuel to an internal combustion engine. The engine has a plurality of injectors for injecting fuel to the engine, a pump for supplying fuel from a fuel tank to the injectors and a fuel vapor treating device that collects fuel vapor generated in a fuel tank and treats the vapor without releasing it into the atmosphere. An electronic control unit (ECU) controls the injectors for adjusting an opening time period of the injectors depending on the running condition of the engine to control the amount of fuel to be injected from the injectors. The ECU also controls the pump for adjusting the amount of fuel to be discharged from the pump depending an the running condition of the engine to control the pressure of the fuel to be pumped to the injectors. The ECU reduces the opening time period of the injectors to reduce the amount of fuel to be injected from the injectors when the fuel vapor is supplied to the engine by the treating device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method and system for an antiferroelectric liquid-crystal display device or, in particular, a gray-scale display method for realizing low cost without an increase in power consumption by controlling the state of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal frame by frame. According to the present invention, writing of pixels requires at least two scanning periods. Each scanning period is composed of a plurality of frames. Both frames during which the antiferroelectric liquid crystal assumes a first ferroelectric state and frames during which the antiferroelectric liquid crystal assumes a second ferroelectric state are not included in the same scanning period (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A panel employing an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material displays images without flickering. Polarizer plates of the panel are arranged such that the polarization axis of one of them is in parallel with a line that halves an angle formed by the two positions of the major axis of a liquid crystal molecule, each position being defined by one of the and second stable states of the light transmittance of the liquid crystal material. The first stable state occurs under a voltage of one polarity, and the second stable state occurs under a voltage of opposite polarity. As a result, the light transmittance of the panel is identical between the first and second stable states, to thereby display white without flickering.