Abstract: A file is rapidly restored with minimal storage consumption when a file access request is made by the user. When file restoration takes place, a second server apparatus 3b transmits a directory image, which extends from the top directory to a predetermined lower level, of a directory image configured in a file system of a first server apparatus 3a at a date and time associated with a restoration destination directory among the data of files stored in a second storage apparatus 10b, to the first server apparatus 3a, and the first server apparatus 3a restores the directory image to a first storage apparatus 10a. If a request is sent from the first server apparatus 3a, the second server apparatus 3b reads an additional directory image from the second storage apparatus 10b and transmits the image to the first server apparatus 3a.

Abstract: An arrangement structure of a shifting actuator of an internal combustion engine mounted on a motorcycle is provided in which while the shifting actuator is provided externally of an engine case of the engine so as not to interfere with auxiliaries, it is protected without external protrusion and external appearance is kept satisfactory. An external wall of an engine case is partially inwardly recessed to form a recessed portion capable of accommodating a shifting actuator. An actuator body of the shifting actuator is disposed in the recessed portion. An attachment bracket attached to an end portion of the actuator body is fitted to a first fitting hole of an engine case outer lateral wall on the side of the recessed portion and is secured to the engine case outer wall. The motorcycle has a multistage transmission that can reduce its axial width to achieve compactness.

Abstract: A spectral imaging apparatus includes: a spectral transmittance variable element having a spectral transmittance characteristics such that a transmittance periodically varies with wavelength and being capable of changing the variation period, for converting light from an object under observation into light having a plurality of peak wavelengths; a light extracting device for extracting, from the light having a plurality of peak wavelengths, light for imaging that contains a peak wavelength proximate to a predetermined command wavelength designated by a user and light for calibration that contains a peak wavelength other than the peak wavelength proximate to the command wavelength; an image sensor for capturing an image of the object under observation formed of the light for imaging; a detector for detecting, from the light for calibration, the peak wavelength other than the peak wavelength proximate to the command wavelength; and a control unit including, an operation processing section that calculates the pe

Abstract: A shift drive mechanism for a multi-speed transmission in which a shift rod can be stably maintained at a desired fixed position without the need for an intermittent drive mechanism and which is small in size and low in cost. The shift drive mechanism for a multi-speed transmission includes a shift guide groove G formed in a shift drum so as to guide a shift pin moved in the axial direction together with the shift rod. Each of gear speed groove portions Gs is formed at axial-direction positions determined on a gear speed basis and directing the shift pin only to the circumferential direction or not moving the shift pin in the axial direction attendant on turning of the shift drum is set to be longer than the distance the shift drum travels idly from the moment of stop of driving of a shift actuator.

Abstract: A multistage transmission includes a swing claw member having a pin-receiving portion adapted to receive a pin member and an engaging claw portion on respective sides opposite to each other with respect to swing center, and swung by the advancement and retraction of the pin member to allow the engaging claw portion to establish engagement and release the engagement; and biasing means for biasing the swing claw member in a swing direction of bringing the engaging claw portion into engagement. The biasing means is a compression spring interposed between the inner surface of the engaging claw portion of the swing claw member and the opposing surface of the gear shaft. The multistage transmission uses multiple swing claw members of the same kind, instead of swing claw members of different kinds.

Abstract: A multistage transmission is provided that smoothly operates with a small force without the necessity of a shift clutch, that does not cause a loss of switching time during shifting, and that does not cause escape of a driving force as well as provides a small shift shock. When shift drive means executes upshift to a one-step-upper speed-change stage reduced in reduction ratio by one stage, normal rotation odd-numbered stage cam rods Cao and normal rotation even-numbered stage cam rods Cae alternately operate normal rotation odd-numbered stage engaging members Rao and the normal rotation odd-numbered stage engaging members Rae for shifting.

Abstract: A computer system comprising storage devices having different characteristics, a client computer, and a file access controller managing the storage devices with the HSM is disclosed. The file access controller provides a normal directory tree and a virtual directory tree, according to the configuration, and provides a first file stored in a first storage device through the normal directory tree and the virtual directory tree. And, the file access controller switches providing of a second file stored in a second storage device, depending on a used directory tree, which is used by the at least one client computer, and which is the normal directory tree or the virtual directory tree. Examples of the switch are about accessibility of the second file and recall processing of the second file.

Abstract: A first detection unit and a second detection unit detect the light that is incident from the direction where a screen is to be located. A controller determines whether the screen is located at a recommended position based on output signals from the first detection unit and the second detection unit. When the screen is located at the recommended position, the controller controls the projection display apparatus so as to be in the state where a significant image can be projected. The controller may determine whether the screen is located at the recommended position and in a normal state based on the output signals. When the screen is located at the recommended position and in a normal state, the controller may control the projection display apparatus so as to be in the state where a significant image can be projected.

Abstract: An output sprocket wheel attachment structure includes a coned disk spring fitted with an output power shaft is abutted with and positioned by a stepped portion. An output sprocket wheel spline-fitted with spline grooves formed at an outer side portion of the output power shaft with respect to the stepped portion is pressed by the coned disk spring. A cap nut which engages with male threads formed at an end portion of the output power shaft is restricted and fixed at a bottom face thereof by and to an axial end of the output power shaft. Movement in an axial direction of the output sprocket wheel pressed by the coned disk spring is restricted by an opening end portion of the cap nut.

Abstract: An image display device includes a light source which emits laser light; an optical element which is operable to switch between a first state for reducing a coherence of the laser light and a second state for substantially maintaining the coherence of the laser light; a switching control circuit which controls the optical element; an imager which modulates the laser light transmitted through the optical element; and a modulation control circuit which controls the imager based on an image signal. The modulation control circuit causes the imager to render an image pattern for generating an image by changing alight amount at each pixel position when the optical element is in the first state, and causes the imager to render a hologram pattern for generating an image by diffraction when the optical element is in the second state.

Abstract: Capacity limitations on virtual volumes are set easily. A storage apparatus is connected via a network to a plurality of host computers requesting data writing. The storage apparatus includes: a volume creation unit for creating virtual volumes to be accessed by the host computers; an allocation unit for allocating a storage area of the storage apparatus to a data storage area of the virtual volumes in response to a data write request from the host computers; and a capacity management unit for managing the capacity of data written from the host computers; wherein the capacity management unit adds the data written from the host computers with regard to each host computer and judges whether a total value of the added data exceeds a specified threshold or not.

Abstract: A gear with an annular member disposed alongside a side wall of an inward protrusion in a manner turnable relative to the side wall. The annular member is formed with abutment projections with inclined surfaces extending in circumferential directions and engaged by engaging pawls. The annular member is urged by return springs in such a manner that the portion of each abutment projection, at least other than the inclined surfaces, overlaps each engaging projection as viewed in axial direction. Each inclined surface of the abutment projection is made up of a bottom-side inclined surface having an inclination angle allowing abutment by the engaging pawls, and a top-side inclined surface having an inclination angle not allowing abutment by the engaging pawls but causing sliding movement of the engaging pawls. The engaging pawls are prevented be imposed with excessive local load when the engaging pawls engage the engaging projections of the gear.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes; a first solid-state light source, a second solid-state light source, a first arrangement member provided with a first arrangement surface, a second arrangement member provided with a second arrangement surface, an optical unit configured to reduce a dispersion angle of a light beam. The first solid-state light source emits a light beam having a first directivity. The second solid-state light source emits a light beam having a second directivity greater than the first directivity. A distance from the second arrangement surface to the second light-entering surface is longer than a distance from the first arrangement surface to the first light-entering surface.

Abstract: An endoscope system is disclosed for detecting fluorescent light emitted in the near-infrared region by a plurality of fluorescent labeling materials introduced into a living tissue. An illumination system generates illumination light in the wavelength range 600 nm-2000 nm which serves as excitation light for the plurality of fluorescent labeling materials, and a detection system that can separately detect different ones of the plurality of fluorescent light emissions that are emitted at different wavelengths from among the plurality of fluorescent labeling materials is provided. The endoscope system may include a conventional-type endoscope having an insertion section, or a capsule endoscope that wirelessly transmits image data. By superimposing the image data obtained using reflected light in the visible region and fluorescent light emitted by the fluorescent labeling materials, improved diagnostic capabilities are provided.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus is placed on an installation surface forming a horizontal plane and projects an image onto a projection plane provided on a horizontal plane. The projection display apparatus includes: an imager that modulates the light emitted from a light source; an projection unit that projects the light emitted from the imager onto the projection plane; and an acoustic device that outputs a sound in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprising: a housing member that accommodates an illumination optical unit; a projection optical unit; and a cooling unit, wherein the housing member includes a layout space in a virtually columnar shape having a bottom that is a circumscribed circle of the projection optical unit in a cross sectional view vertical to the projection optical unit; the layout space includes a first layout space in a substantially conical shape and a second layout space excluding the first layout space; the projection optical unit is provided in the first layout space; and at least a part of the illumination optical unit and the cooling unit is provided in the second layout space; and the illumination optical unit and the cooling unit are disposed in a symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the projection optical unit.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus includes a housing member that houses a light source, an imager that modulates light emitted from the light source, and a projection unit that projects light emitted from the imager onto a projection plane, wherein the projection unit has a concave mirror that reflects the light emitted from the imager to the projection plane side, and the housing member pivotally supports the concave mirror along a circumference of a virtual circle formed by a virtual extension line of the concave mirror.

Abstract: A transmission casing for a bicycle has sufficient strength and rigidity and has a simple structure while being capable of hermetically sealing a transmission body of the bicycle. In a transmission casing for a bicycle is covered with a casing and a plurality of transmission shafts supported by the casing. The transmission casing includes a light-metal-made reinforcing member made of aluminum, a light alloy or the like which supports shaft portions of the plurality of transmission shafts, and a fiber-reinforced-plastic-made cover member which is integrally laminated to an inner surface of the light-metal-made reinforcing member so as to hermetically seal the transmission body.

Abstract: An endoscope system is disclosed for detecting fluorescent light emitted in the near-infrared region by a plurality of fluorescent labeling materials introduced into a living tissue. An illumination system generates illumination light in the wavelength range 600 nm-2000 nm which serves as excitation light for the plurality of fluorescent labeling materials, and a detection system that can separately detect different ones of the plurality of fluorescent light emissions that are emitted at different wavelengths from among the plurality of fluorescent labeling materials is provided. The endoscope system may include a conventional-type endoscope having an insertion section, or a capsule endoscope that wirelessly transmits image data. By superimposing the image data obtained using reflected light in the visible region and fluorescent light emitted by the fluorescent labeling materials, improved diagnostic capabilities are provided.

Abstract: A metallic container closure comprising a shell of a thin metal sheet having a circular top panel wall 7 and a skirt wall 9, and a synthetic resin liner arranged in the shell, the skirt wall 9 having a thread-forming region and an annular groove 17 positioned at an upper end portion of the thread-forming region, wherein an internal pressure release line A extending in the circumferential direction is arranged in the skirt wall 9 at a portion over the annular groove 17, and annular bead 30 is arranged so as to pass through between the internal pressure release line A and the annular groove 17. The metallic container closure effectively releases the gas when the pressure in the container is elevated and effectively prevents the skirt wall from being deformed at a portion where the internal pressure release line A is formed when it is being wrap-seamed with the mouth-and-neck portion of the container.