Abstract: The invention provides useful novel analogues of himbacine, being an alkaloid with potent and selective antagonism against muscarine M2 receptor. Hydronaphtho [2,3-c] furan derivatives represented by a following general formula (1) and their acid addition salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing 5-oxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid ester economically, industrially advantageously and efficiently in a large amount. The present invention is a method of producing 5-oxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid ester (X), which is shown in the following scheme. wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing 7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid ester (VII) economically, industrially advantageously and efficiently in a large amount.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of Calanolide A according to the following method 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of industrially advantageously producing 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions in a high yield. The present invention relates to a production method of a 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid derivative of the formula (III) or the formula (IV), which comprises reacting an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid of the formula (I) with a furan derivative of the formula (II) in the presence of a Lewis acid: wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of industrially advantageously producing 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions in a high yield. The present invention relates to a production method of a 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.

Abstract: Intermediates for the preparation of himbacine exhibiting muscarinic M2 receptor antagonism, which are hydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan derivatives represented by general formula (1) or intermediates for the preparation thereof: wherein R1 is lower alkyl or aralky; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or aralkyl; R3 and R4 together represent oxygen or methylene, or alternatively R4 is hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, aralkyloxy or lower acyloxy, with R3 being hydrogen; R5 and R6 together represent oxygen, or alternatively R6 is hydroxyl, lower alkxy, aralkyloxy or lower acyloxy, with R5 being hydrogen; and either of the broken lines is a single bond and the other thereof is a double bond, or alternatively both are single bonds.

Abstract: Pyrroloindole derivatives having antimicrobial and antitumor activities and having a carbamoyloxy group represented by the following general formula (1), optical isomers thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof; and intermediates for production thereof: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is OH, or a pyrrolidinyl group; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 ; X--Y or Y--X is CH.sub.2, CHOH, CH.sub.2 -CH.sub.2, O--CH.sub.2, or NMe--CH.sub.2 ; Z.sup.1 is Cl or Br; and Ar.sup.1 is ##STR2## wherein Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are O or NH; m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 4; and Ar.sup.2 is any of the above groups a, b, c, and d.

Abstract: Indole derivatives shown by the formulae (1), (2a) and (2b) ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is a protecting group for amino group; R.sup.2 is a protecting group for hydroxyl group; R.sup.3 is a protecting group for hydroxyl group; R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 linear or branched lower alkyl group, or benzyl group), and pyrroloindole derivatives shown by formula (3) ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 is a protecting group for amino group; R.sup.2 is a protecting group for hydroxyl group; R.sup.3 is a protecting group for hydroxyl group; R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 linear or branched lower alkyl group, or benzyl group), both of which are intermediates for duocarmycin SA, which is expected to be used as an anticancer agent, and derivatives thereof; and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: 3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyronitrile derivatives represented by the formula (3) may be prepared by reacting an aminoaldehyde derivative represented by the formula (1) with a cyanohydrin derivative represented by the formula (2) in the presence of a metallic compound, base, or acid; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for an amino group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represents an alkyl or cycloalkyl group or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a tetramethylene or pentamethylene group.

Abstract: Acrylamide derivatives represented by General Formula (1) below: ##STR1## (One specific example of General Formula (1) is methyl (S,S)-3,3'-?3,3'-(1,4-phenylenediacryloyl)!-bis?1-chloromethyl-5-hydroxy-7 -triflouromethyl-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo?3,2-e!indole-8-carboxylate.)The acrylamide derivatives represented by General Formula (1) is highly selective to cancer cells, less toxic, and highly active also against solid tumor.

Abstract: Trifluoromethylpyrroloindolecarboxylic acid ester derivatives, and optical isomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are provided which are represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## or the general formula (2): ##STR2## The compounds are antineoplastic agents which are selective to cancer cells, effective also to solid cancer, and less toxic.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an ar(lower)alkyl group or an aryl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be combined together to form a lower alkylene group and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are combined together to form a lower alkylene group, or R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be combined together to form an o-phenylene group, X is a halogen atom and Y is an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom substituted with lower alkyl or aryl, which is useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of 1.beta.-methylcarbapenem compounds valuable as antibiotics.

Abstract: An amino acid derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a protective group for hydroxyl, which is useful as an intermediate for production of antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: New L-phenylalanine dehydrogenases produced by a microorganism belonging to the genus Sporosarcina or Bacillus, new microorganisms capable of l-phenylalanine dehydrogenase and belonging to the genus Sporosarcina or Bacillus, a process for production of L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase using the microorganisms, and processes for production of L-amino acids using the enzymes or the microorganisms.

Abstract: A process for producing an anthracycline derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an acyl group, each of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a methoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group, each of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group or a hydroxyl group, and Z is a hydrogen atom or a protected hydroxyl group, which comprises reacting an anthracyclinone derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR2## where R is a hydrogen atom or a trialkylsilyl group, and X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Z are as defined above, with a 1-acyl-sugar derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR3## where R.sup.2 is an acyl group and R.sup.1 is as defined above, in the presence of a silyl sulfonic acid derivative represented by the general formula:R.sup.5 R.sup.4 R.sup.3 SiOSO.sub.2 A (IV)where each of R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for preparing racemic 4-demethoxy-7-deoxydaunomycinone which comprises methylating an optically active .alpha.-hydroxyketone to give the corresponding methylated product of either one of the formulas: ##STR1## and reacting the latter with an acid to give a racemate of the .alpha.-hydroxyketone of the formula: ##STR2## .

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active 4-demethoxy-7-deoxydaunomycinone which comprises reacting a racemic mixture of the .alpha.-hydroxyketone of the formula: ##STR1## with an optical isomer of the .alpha.-glycol of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is a group of the formula: ##STR3## and X is a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group to give a diastereomeric mixture of the acetal of the formula: ##STR4## .

Abstract: 2-(1'-hydroxy)ethyl-5,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalene of the formula ##STR1## is produced by reducing 2-acetyl-5,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalene of the formula, ##STR2## with a reducing agent obtained by reacting one equivalent of lithium aluminum hydride with one equivalent of an optically active N-substituted ephedrine of the formula, ##STR3## (wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or benzyl group, and Ph is phenyl group) and two equivalents of an N-substituted aniline of the formula, ##STR4## (wherein R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or phenyl group, and Ph is phenyl group).

Abstract: Novel modified lithium aluminum hydride type reducing agents obtained by reacting one equivalent of lithium aluminum hydride with one equivalent of an optically active N-substituted ephedrine of the formula, ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or benzyl group, and Ph is phenyl group)and two equivalents of an N-substituted aniline of the formula, ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or phenyl group, and Ph is phenyl group).This reducing agent is usable for reducing the organic compounds having a carbonyl group (ketone group or aldehyde group) in their structure into the corresponding alcohols. It is particularly useful as a reducing agent for asymmetrically reducing the unsymmetrical ketones to selectively produce either an alcohol in which the asymmetric carbon atom bonded to the hydroxy group is in R-configuration or an alcohol in which said asymmetric carbon atom is in S-configuration.