Abstract: A power generation element includes a magnetic member that produces a large Barkhausen effect and magnetism collection members including an insertion part having the magnetic member inserted therethrough. The magnetism collection member includes a first component on an opposite side of a boundary plane to a magnetic field generation unit and a second component on the same side of the boundary plane as the magnetic field generation unit, the boundary plane passing through a center of an imaginary circle inscribed in the insertion part and having a diameter equal to a length of the insertion part in a third direction perpendicular to first and second directions, the first direction is a direction of the insertion of the magnetic member, and the second direction is a direction in which the magnetic field generation unit is disposed. A volume of the second component is larger than a volume of the first component.

Abstract: A power generator controller includes a power system monitor and a power generator output optimizing part. The power system monitor keeps check on current status of a power system and puts out an electricity demand. The power generator output optimizing part solves an objective function for determining outputs of power generators of the power system at an interval under a supply and demand balancing constraint which imposes agreement between electric power demanded and electric power supplied. The objective function minimizes total costs in power generation. The power generator output optimizing part solves the objective function further considering an automatic frequency control capacity constraint based on an upper limit of rates of change of outputs of power generators of the power system.

Abstract: There is provided a power generator controller which includes a power system monitor and a power generator output optimizing part. The power system monitor keeps check on a current status of a power system and puts out a demand on electricity. The power generator output optimizing part solves an objective function for determining outputs of power generators at a predetermined interval under a supply and demand balancing constraint which imposes the agreement between electric power demanded and electric power supplied. The objective function requires minimal total costs in power generation. Herein, the power generator output optimizing part solves the objective function further in consideration of an AFC capacity constraint that is determined based on an upper limit of changing speed of power generators.

Abstract: Starting from an initial combination state, a destination state to which a certain state is to be moved is determined from its neighboring states or previously defined transferable combination states by using an evaluation function, and an optimal combination state for minimizing or maximizing the function value of an evaluation function comprising the sum of a function to be minimized or maximized and a penalty function representing an amount of constraint violation is intended to be found by iteratively performing a search in which the certain state is successively moved to the thus determined destination state. It is determined whether there is a constraint violation in the current state. If so, the evaluation function is switched to another evaluation function for evaluating a constraint violation alone, whereas if not, the evaluation function is switched to another evaluation function which disregards the constraint violation.

Abstract: A state space search system searches for an optimal goal state by searching in the direction of a steepest descent with respect to an evaluation function. When the search becomes impossible upon reaching a local minimum of the evaluation value, the evaluation value is increased to continue the search in the direction of steepest descent.

Abstract: In the load flow calculating method of the present invention, a Jacobian matrix for reactive power with respect to voltage is made to coincide with a part of a Jacobian matrix for effective power with respect to phase by introducing variables of the quotients of differences between effective power and reactive power flowing through each node and specified values divided by the square of voltage on each node, whereby the need for triangular factorization of the Jacobian matrix for reactive power with respect to voltage is eliminated, and, at the time of calculating a voltage correction amount, the voltage correction amount is compensated by the use of the product of a Jacobian matrix for reactive power with respect to phase and a vector of phase correction amount, and by virtue of the needlessness of triangular factorization of the Jacobian matrix for reactive power with respect to voltage and nonnecessity, at the time of calculating the voltage correction amount, for calculating discrepancy of reactive power