Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the charging level of a bank of serially connected electrical cells and performing equalization of the charges in the battery array, comprising circuitry for alternately connecting a capacitor to pairs of adjacent battery cells by controlling switches at a predetermined switching frequency; circuitry adjusting the switching frequency to control the impedance of the equivalent resistance of transfer, such that the charging/discharging current is maintained within a range of desired values.

Abstract: Circuitry for directly providing drive power to a BLDC motor having separated coils, comprising unipolar controlled current sources for supplying current to each of the separated coils; a controller, for controlling the level and phase of the unipolar controlled current sources; a polarity switch for converting the unipolar current to a bipolar (AC) current, supplied to the separated coils. The controller is adapted to shape the current being fed to the BLDC motor by the current source via the polarity switch, to be in phase with the back EMF sensed on the separated coils, and of a magnitude that corresponds to a required torque.

Abstract: A battery management system, comprising a bank of serially connected battery cells having a lower most cell connected to ground and an uppermost cell connected to one port of a load, the other port of which being connected to ground; circuitry for sampling the output voltage of a selected battery cell; a voltage to current converter for receiving the sampled battery cell output voltage, which consists of a current source that outputs current being proportional to the sampled output voltage a predetermined resistor, connected between the current source output and ground, into which the output current of the current source is fed; a control circuit, adapted to measure the voltage generated across the predetermined resistor with respect to ground; determine whether or not the selected battery cell is fully charged according to the difference between the measured voltage and a predetermined threshold voltage; repeat the process for additional battery cells of the bank.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a switch system for rechargeable power storage devices (PSDs). The switch system includes a controller and a first and second switching modules. The first switching module is serially-connected to a PSD. The second switching module is connected in parallel to the PSD and the first switching module. Each switching module is switchable by the controller between: a state S1, wherein current cannot flow (through the switching module) in a first direction; a state S2, wherein current flow cannot flow opposite to the first direction; a state S3, wherein current may flow in both directions; and a state S0, wherein current cannot flow in any direction. The switch system is configured to preclude joint states (S1, S2), (S1, S3), (S3, S2), (S3, S3), with the first and second entries denoting states of the first and second switching modules, respectively, thereby preventing possibility of short-circuit.

Abstract: Circuitry for reducing the energy losses of a snubber circuit used to protect current switching devices from overvoltage, comprising a switching cell consisting of a switch with alternating opposite conduction states, the switch being serially connected via one contact to a first diode, the switch includes an inherent output capacitance, the switch connects, via a first stray inductance), between one port of a power supply and an output inductor feeding a load, and the first diode connects, via a second stray inductance, between the other port of the power supply and the output inductor, such that whenever the switch passes from a conducting state to a non-conducting state, its inherent output capacitance is charged by a current pulse from the first stray inductance; a snubber circuit consisting of a ferrite bead, a snubber capacitor and a second diode, the snubber circuit being connecting between the other contact of the switch and the other port, for discharging at least a portion of the charge across the i

Abstract: Circuitry for efficiently operating a three-phase AC motor having three coils, each of which implementing a corresponding phase, comprising four half-bridge inverters having a common bus voltage, for controlling the level and the phase of input voltages supplied to the coils and a control circuitry for operating the four half bridges.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves an electrical power management module configured to provide electrical power from a power unit to a parallel power bus, comprising: a switch circuit coupleable to the power unit and to the parallel power bus for delivering power from the power unit to the parallel power bus and for charging the power unit from the parallel power bus, the switch circuit changeable between connecting and disconnecting the power unit with the parallel power bus; and a bypass circuit around the switch circuit, coupleable to the power unit and to the parallel power bus for delivering power from the power unit to the parallel power bus and for charging the power unit from the parallel power bus, the bypass circuit comprising a bidirectional power converter.

Abstract: A power converter, which comprises a resonant Switched Capacitor Converter (SCC) that consists of an input connected to an input voltage source, from which power is delivered to a load; a resonant tank circuit formed by a capacitor connected in series with an inductor and defining a resonant cycle; a first switch connected in series between a first contact of the input voltage source and a first contact of the resonant tank circuit; a second switch connected in series between the first contact of the resonant tank circuit and a first contact of the load; a conducting path connecting between a second contact of the input voltage source, a second contact of the resonant tank circuit and a second contact of the load and a third switch connected in parallel to the resonant tank circuit.

Abstract: A method for increasing the power extraction capability out of Differential Power Processor (DPP) system, which consists of a chain of N serially connected PV elements and an array of N?1 gyrator-type converters which are current sourcing resonant Switched Capacitor Converters (SCCs), each of which being connected in parallel with two adjacent PV elements. Accordingly, local MPPT is continuously performed, by each gyrator-type converter, to one of its two connected PV elements by sinking or sourcing current to/from the neighboring PV element. Whenever a mismatch in the MPPs is detected, the gyrator-type converters are used to provide the difference in current that is required for each of the PV elements to operate at its MPP, such that the amount of power processed by each gyrator-type converter in the chain is linearly proportional to its location in the chain, with respect to the mismatched PV element.

Abstract: A method for increasing the power extraction capability out of Differential Power Processor (DPP) system, which consists of a chain of N serially connected PV elements and an array of N-1 gyrator-type converters which are current sourcing resonant Switched Capacitor Converters (SCCs), each of which being connected in parallel with two adjacent PV elements. Accordingly, local MPPT is continuously performed, by each gyrator-type converter, to one of its two connected PV elements by sinking or sourcing current to/from the neighbouring PV element. Whenever a mismatch in the MPPs is detected, the gyrator-type converters are used to provide the difference in current that is required for each of the PV elements to operate at its MPP, such that the amount of power processed by each gyrator-type converter in the chain is linearly proportional to its location in the chain, with respect to the mismatched PV element.

Abstract: A power converter, which comprises a resonant Switched Capacitor Converter (SCC) that consists of an input connected to an input voltage source, from which power is delivered to a load; a resonant tank circuit formed by a capacitor connected in series with an inductor and defining a resonant cycle; a first switch connected in series between a first contact of the input voltage source and a first contact of the resonant tank circuit; a second switch connected in series between the first contact of the resonant tank circuit and a first contact of the load; a conducting path connecting between a second contact of the input voltage source, a second contact of the resonant tank circuit and a second contact of the load and a third switch connected in parallel to the resonant tank circuit.

Abstract: A method for constructing a direct-current to direct current (DC-DC) converter from an input voltage to an output voltage. The DC-DC converter has multiple capacitors and multiple switches connectible the capacitors. A target voltage ratio is obtained based on the input voltage and the output voltage. The target voltage is expressed as a radix number. The radix number is spawned into a code of the target voltage ratio. The code is translated into a switched-capacitor converter (SCC) configuration including the switches and the capacitors. The code may be an extended binary representation code or a Generic Fractional Numbers code. The switched-capacitor converter (SCC) configuration is preferably modified to obtain charge balance.

Abstract: An electronic circuit which provides an electrical incapacitation current to a living target. The circuit includes a high voltage power supply, a charge-storing capacitor connected by a high voltage lead to the high voltage power supply. The charge-storing capacitor stores a charge at high voltage as supplied by the high voltage power supply. The circuit further includes a switch, a step-up transformer including a primary coil a secondary coil, a resonant circuit and an output terminal serially connected through the secondary coil to the high voltage lead of the charge-storing capacitor. The primary coil is connected in parallel with the charge-storing capacitor through the switch. During the incapacitation, the output terminal is operatively attached to at least a part of the living target.

Abstract: Apparatus of a grid-connected switching inverter for injecting it current into a power line comprises: (a) an electrical energy source for providing the substantially DC voltage to the apparatus; (b) a switching inverter connected to the electrical energy source for converting the substantially DC voltage of the electrical energy source to a high frequency alternating voltage; (c) a waveform generator for controlling the magnitude and shape of the alternating high frequency voltage outputted from the switching inverter by means of a control signal fed into the switching inverter; (d) an inductor connected to an output of the switching inverter for generating an alternating current from the alternating high frequency voltage, wherein the magnitude of the alternating current depends on a frequency of the alternating high frequency voltage: (e) a rectifier connected in series with the inductor for rectifying the alternating current and for outputting a rectified unipolar alternating current, wherein the rectifie

Abstract: A method for constructing a direct-current to direct current (DC-DC) converter from an input voltage to an output voltage. The DC-DC converter has multiple capacitors and multiple switches connectible the capacitors. A target voltage ratio is obtained based on the input voltage and the output voltage. The target voltage is expressed as a radix number. The radix number is spawned into a code of the target voltage ratio. The code is translated into a switched-capacitor converter (SCC) configuration including the switches and the capacitors. The code may be an extended binary representation code or a Generic Fractional Numbers code. The switched-capacitor converter (SCC) configuration is preferably modified to obtain charge balance.

Abstract: An electronic circuit which provides an electrical incapacitation current to a living target. The circuit includes a high voltage power supply, a charge-storing capacitor connected by a high voltage lead to the high voltage power supply. The charge-storing capacitor stores a charge at high voltage as supplied by the high voltage power supply. The circuit further includes a switch, a step-up transformer including a primary coil a secondary coil, a resonant circuit and an output terminal serially connected through the secondary coil to the high voltage lead of the charge-storing capacitor. The primary coil is connected in parallel with the charge-storing capacitor through the switch. During the incapacitation, the output terminal is operatively attached to at least a part of the living target.

Abstract: Apparatus driven by high-frequency AC current source, for driving an electric load with low-frequency AC current, that comprises a current splitting inductor, for generating, from the high-frequency current source, a first and a second high-frequency AC current sources; a rectifier, coupled to the splitting inductor, consisting of rectifying diodes for rectifying the first and second high-frequency current sources, and capacitors, charged by the diodes, the capacitors being corresponding to the first and second DC current sources; a controllable half-bridge commutator having a first and a second control inputs, the commutator being coupled to the DC current sources, for commutating the DC current sources, for allowing to generate, from the DC current sources, the low-frequency AC current required for driving the electric load; and a control circuitry, having a first and a second outputs, the outputs being coupled to the first and second control inputs, respectively, and outputting two complimentary pulse trai

Abstract: A system and method for supplying power to a load and for controlling the power factor presented to the power line. Output voltage is controlled by a digital, outer, control loop, and inner, analog, control loop causes the input current to be substantially proportional to the input voltage at any particular point in the power line cycle. Thus, the system presents a load to the power line that appears to be purely resistive. The use of an analog multiplier is not required, nor is sampling of input voltage. Limiting of inrush current provides for brown-out protection and soft-start.

Abstract: A high frequency AC current-sourcing driving that can feed electrical loads with a constant current that is independent of load resistance. The driver is a self-oscillating inverter that includes a resonant network comprising a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor. A current comparing and toggling circuit (CCTC) is used to generate the control signals of the inverter's power switches. Also included in the system is a DC blocking capacitor that prevents the DC voltage from reaching the resonant network.

Abstract: Apparatus driven by high-frequency AC current source, for driving an electric load with low-frequency AC current, that comprises a current splitting inductor, for generating, from the high-frequency current source, a first and a second high-frequency AC current sources; a rectifier, coupled to the splitting inductor, consisting of rectifying diodes for rectifying the first and second high-frequency current sources, and capacitors, charged by the diodes, the capacitors being corresponding to the first and second DC current sources; a controllable half-bridge commutator having a first and a second control inputs, the commutator being coupled to the DC current sources, for commutating the DC current sources, for allowing to generate, from the DC current sources, the low-frequency AC current required for driving the electric load; and a control circuitry, having a first and a second outputs, the outputs being coupled to the first and second control inputs, respectively, and outputting two complimentary pulse trai