Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes: at least one sensitive element including a soft magnetic material and having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction and a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction, the at least one sensitive element being configured to sense a magnetic field by a magnetic impedance effect; at least one protruding portion including a soft magnetic material and protruding in the longitudinal direction from a longitudinal end of the at least one sensitive element; and a guiding member disposed opposite the at least one protruding portion and made of a soft magnetic material, the guiding member being configured to guide magnetic field lines toward the at least one protruding portion.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for an internal combustion engine that includes a turbosupercharger, an electric supercharger, and a waste gate valve configured to open and close an exhaust bypass passage. In a single-supercharging range in which an engine torque is less than a torque boundary value, a WGV opening degree is controlled so as to decrease accompanying an increase in the engine torque. Further, in a twin-supercharging range in which the engine torque is equal to or greater than the torque boundary value, the WGV opening degree is controlled so as to increase accompanying an increase in the engine torque, and the electric motor is actuated for supercharging.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: heat exchanger bodies arranged in parallel, each allowing a fluid to be cooled to flow therethrough in one direction; a housing that forms a coolant passage that allows a coolant to flow therethrough around each of the heat exchanger bodies; a coolant inlet portion and a coolant outlet portion located in a position corresponding to first ends of the heat exchanger bodies in a flow direction of the fluid to be cooled; a separating portion that separates the coolant passages in a position corresponding to second ends of the head exchanger bodies in the flow direction of the fluid to be cooled so that a communicating portion that allows the coolant passages to communicate with each other is left; and a flow passage area increasing portion that increases a flow passage area of the communicating portion. This structure achieves good cooling performance in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A viscosity measuring apparatus is mounted on a vehicle provided with an engine, a cylinder pressure sensor configured to detect cylinder pressure which is inner pressure of a cylinder of the engine, a fuel injection valve configured to supply fuel to the engine, and a temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of a coolant of the engine. The viscosity measuring apparatus is provided with: an estimating device configured to calculate a cooling loss from a heating value of the cylinder based on the cylinder pressure detected by the cylinder pressure sensor and an input heating value of the cylinder, and to estimate viscosity of the coolant on the basis of the calculated cooling loss.

Abstract: A supercharging system 1 is changed over between a single stage supercharging mode in which an internal combustion engine 2 is supercharged only by a single turbo charger 3, and a two stage supercharging mode in which the internal combustion engine 2 is supercharged both by the turbo charger 3 and also by an electric supercharger 4. And the threshold values for a parameter that is used for operating a bypass valve 13 are different for the case in which closing operation of the bypass valve 13 is performed in order to change over from the single stage supercharging mode to the two stage supercharging mode, and for the case in which opening operation of the bypass valve 13 is performed in order to change over from the two stage supercharging mode to the single stage supercharging mode.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for an internal combustion engine that includes a turbosupercharger, an electric supercharger, and a waste gate valve configured to open and close an exhaust bypass passage. In a single-supercharging range in which an engine torque is less than a torque boundary value TQ2, a WGV opening degree is controlled so as to decrease accompanying an increase in the engine torque. Further, in a twin-supercharging range in which the engine torque is equal to or greater than the torque boundary value TQ2, the WGV opening degree is controlled so as to increase accompanying an increase in the engine torque, and the electric motor 24b is actuated for supercharging.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: heat exchanger bodies arranged in parallel, each allowing a fluid to be cooled to flow therethrough in one direction; a housing that forms a coolant passage that allows a coolant to flow therethrough around each of the heat exchanger bodies; a coolant inlet portion and a coolant outlet portion located in a position corresponding to first ends of the heat exchanger bodies in a flow direction of the fluid to be cooled; a separating portion that separates the coolant passages in a position corresponding to second ends of the head exchanger bodies in the flow direction of the fluid to be cooled so that a communicating portion that allows the coolant passages to communicate with each other is left; and a flow passage area increasing portion that increases a flow passage area of the communicating portion. This structure achieves good cooling performance in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a heat exchange body through which a fluid serving as a cooled object passes; and a coolant passage which is provided in at least one of a central portion and an outer circumferential portion of the heat exchange body, and through which a coolant exchanging heat with the heat exchange body flows, wherein the heat exchange body includes: a first heat transfer means which extends from a central portion to an outer circumferential portion; and a second heat transfer means which extends in a circumferential direction, and which intersects the first heat transfer means, a heat transfer efficiency of the first heat transfer means is greater than that of the second heat transfer means.

Abstract: A viscosity measuring apparatus is mounted on a vehicle provided with an engine, a cylinder pressure sensor configured to detect cylinder pressure which is inner pressure of a cylinder of the engine, a fuel injection valve configured to supply fuel to the engine, and a temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of a coolant of the engine. The viscosity measuring apparatus is provided with: an estimating device configured to calculate a cooling loss from a heating value of the cylinder based on the cylinder pressure detected by the cylinder pressure sensor and an input heating value of the cylinder, and to estimate viscosity of the coolant on the basis of the calculated cooling loss.